[Components of clinical preventive services system in a specialized educational hospital: a qualitative approach]

Introduction: At first conference of health promotion in Ottawa in 1986, rearrangement of health providing services, especially hospitals, was introduced as a main strategy in health promotion. Health promoting hospitals project had been also proposed by the World Health Organization a decade before. According to the project, hospitals should have health promoting and disease preventing activities. In Iran, preventive services have not been defined as hospitals tasks and most efforts in hospitals are for medical treatment and rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to recognize various components of clinical preventive services in Taleghani hospital in Tehran

Methods: In this qualitative study, 20 professionals and experts were interviewed using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using content analysis

Results: Main themes extracted from the interviews consisted of: 1] challenges and barriers of clinical preventive services; 2] role of clinic of prevention in hospitals; 3] human recourses; 4] information recourses; 5] insurance system; 6] receiving and perusing patients; and 7] educating personnel

Conclusion: Providing preventive services is a perspective of future hospitals. Important necessities for implementation of these services in our country are description of the service packages, designing necessary structures, and training human recourses in this field

Oral health status and its determinants in a sample of Iranian adolescents in Qazvin [2010]

There is a vital need to assess the changes in oral health trend and also the preventive strategies in different locations, systematically. This could help to plan for promoting oral health in Iran. To describe the dental caries status in a sample of Iranian adolescents aged from 14 to 18 years old in Qazvin and to identify the related factors affecting the oral health in this group. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 380 adolescents were randomly selected from high schools in Qazvin. The adolescents agreed to participate and completed a questionnaire. Oral health status was assessed in terms of number of teeth, decayed teeth [DT], filled teeth [FT], and decayed, missing or filled teeth [DMFT]. A multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the statistical association between the DMFT as dependent variable and those of other variables. Of total participants, 190 were females [50%]. The mean age of the adolescents was 15.10 [SD=1.03] years. The mean DMFT was 2.62 [SD=1.89] for all subjects. There was a significant difference between the boys and girls regarding the DMFT as boys had higher DMFT scores than girls. The multivariate regression analyses revealed a significant associations between the high DMFT scores and other variables including: higher age, lower parental education, higher family income, lower frequency of dental brushing and flossing, no history of visiting a dentist, and bad perception of own oral health. Although the dental caries is rather low in this group but it has a major impact on Iranian adolescent's daily living

Smoking initiation among Iranian adolescents: a qualitative study

In response to the need for effective tobacco prevention programmes in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the present study sought to determine the major risk factors for initiation of smoking by adolescents. A content analysis with a qualitative approach was conducted through 22 in-depth interviews, 2 focus groups [4 and 6 participants in each group] and 30 narratives. The following 3 themes emerged from the analysis as risk factors for initiating smoking by adolescents: personal factors, social factors and beliefs about smoking. Based on these findings, it is recommended that prevention activities should be embedded in a comprehensive approach which aims to change the smoking and parenting behaviour of parents and teachers, and at creating non-smoking policies in schools and other places where young people congregate

[Evaluation of the coverage of national hypertension prevention and control program in Damavand]

This study has been designed to evaluate the efficiency and coverage of the National Hypertension Prevention and Control program in predefined referral levels in Damavand district in Tehran. In this household survey 14 out of 27 health centers in Damavand were selected randomly and questionnaires completed for 400 persons aged 30 years or older who were selected systematically, in proportion to the size of the targeted population of each village. Coverage rate of screening program was 11.5% for men, 14.1% for women and 13% on the whole. Response rate to screening was 94%. Coverage of second, third and fourth referral levels was zero. Coverage of screening program was too low for modeling service utilization. The service has not been presented to the target population correctly and they were not aware of the service delivery. Program standards were not achieved completely. For program success, strict control is needed on the procedures of program implementation

effect of health education on health related quality of life in patients with coronary artery bypass surgery

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of the health education program to improve patient's health-related quality of life with coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Seventy patients in pre-operation were randomized into the study, with 35 patients in the experimental and 35 patients in the control group. The demographic information, Sf-36 and Nottingham Health Profile questionnaire were administered and filled out before surgery by seventy patients. Patients in the experimental group received the educational intervention. Educational intervention was according to Mico's education planning model. For the second phase of Mico's model, knowledge, attitude and function were measured in seventy patients by questionnaire before education. These patients were followed up to 1 month. Afterwards Sf-36 and Nottingham Health Profile questionnaires were administered 1-month after education to be filled out by patients again. SPSS and EXCEL softwares analyzed all data. Significant improvements in quality of life between the two groups, as measured by the Nottingham Health Profile, were seen in energy [p<0.001], pain [p<0.006], emotional reaction [p<0.00001], sleep [p<0.01], physical mobility [p<0.00001] and total average quality of life [p<0.00001]. Significant improvements in quality of life between the two groups, as measured by the Sf-36, were seen in physical function [p<0.00001], role limitations resulting from emotional status [p<0.007], role limitations resulting from physical status [p<0.005], mental health [p<0.03], vitality [p<0.02] and total average quality of life [p<0.02]. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate that health education results in improved quality of life for patients with CABG