Comparative study of organizational performance measurement in iran and developed countries

Background and Purpose: Organization Performance, particularly in health and treatment sectors, is considered as a basis for qualitative and quantitative development. Health and treatment systems, also, need performance improvement and measurement in order to grow and develop. This study is a comparative study of performance measurement in Iran and some developed countries with the purpose of application in the Iranian health and treatment system

Methods and Materials: In this descriptive comparative study, countries with successful experiences in measuring the performance such as Australia, Canada, Netherlands, Sweden, England, and the United States, were chosen. In order to collect information from these countries, different sources like journals, textbooks, internet databases, and e-mail communications were used. Collected information about these countries was summarized and classified according to intended variables, and were analyzed finally in comparative tables

Results: Majority of the countries in the research had employed criteria such as credibility, reliability, realness, timing, relevance, accuracy, and appropriacy in their performance measurement programs, and had used the findings in budgeting process. Applying the results of performance measurement has also been stressed in decision making and budgeting. Performance measurement is conducted in two dimensions in Iran: general and specific

Conclusion: The results of this study has shown that in most developed countries, good performance indexes, performance appraisal models, and the use of performance measurement findings in decision making and budgeting are applied

[Antagonistic ability of acid and bile tolerance Lactobacillus were isolated from dairy products]

In order to selected indigenous potential probiotic bacteria, we surveyed antagonistic activities of 22 strains of acid and bile toleran Lactobacillus, isolated from traditional dairy products by biochemical and molecular methods. In a fundamental practical study assessment of antimicrobial activity of this strain with neutralized and Dual layer two methods against bacterial pathogene such as E-coli, L. monocytogenes, S.auteus and Y.entercolitica was done. These strain were identified with two methods for determining of biochemical and sequence of 16 SrDNA. Dual layer method based on the growth of zone diameter were established in three groups of strains; inhibitors, semi inhibitors and non inhibitors. Neutralize method around well acidic extract containing strains C5i4, Y144, K213, C4ie, C612 and neutral extract C5i4 zone blight strains was observed. Based on the results, sequence area 16Sr DNA of four strains include C4i2, D1d2, Y2c4, D3b1 indicator bacteria that revealed the highest percentage of inhibitor effect of bacterial indicators, were duplicate and sequency. So four strains L.Bacilus Pentosus, L.Bacillus Bervis and L. Bacillus Paraplantarum, were identified respectively. It seems that indigenous lactobacillus from Iranian dairy products have potential as probiotics. So use of them as bio preservative prevent food bacterial contamination

Cytoplasmic expression of recombinant interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 proteins results in hydrogen peroxide accumulation and reduction in catalase activity in escherichia coil

The Reactive oxygen species [ROS] is induced in the cells following various stresses but the effect of recombinant protein expression on ROS generation has not been studied yet. In this study, H2O2 concentration and catalase activity variations and their correlation with cell growth following cytoplasmic expression of human interleukin-2 [hIL-2] and mouse interleukin-4 [mIL-4] in Escherichia coli were investigated. Additionally, the effect of recombinant protein expression under different conditions was compared to the effect of foreign DNA introduction on these factors. Plasmids pEThIL-2 and pETmIL-4 were used for expression of human interleukin-2 [hIL-2] and mouse interleukin-4 [mIL-4] inside the cytoplasm of the cells. Having confirmed protein expression using SDS-PAGE analysis and ELISA assay, H2O2 concentration and catalase activity were measured at various ODs. Empty vector introduction increased significantly H2O2 concentration of the cells. However, H2O2 concentration in hIL-2 and mIL-4 expressing cells was significantly higher than its concentration in empty vector transformed cells. Catalase activity was reduced in foreign DNA introduced cells. It was more lowered following expression of recombinant proteins. Results of this study revealed the relationship between foreign DNA introduction and protein expression with H2O2 elevation and catalase activity reduction. There was also correlation between H2O2 elevation and reduction in catalase activity with the cell growth depression

[ preliminary analysis of the 12 transsexual patients with regards to their adaptation in means of role and gender identity after a sexual reassignment surgery]

Gender identity disorder consists of the patient's consistent desire to identify with the opposite sex and feels significant discomfort or the inability to deal with this condition. In patients resistant to treatment [Individual Psychotherapy, Psychoanalysis] operational procedure has been utilized and has been authorized in Iran through a religious decree issued by the country's late leader, Ayatollah Khomeini since 1964. A study into the instances of surgery procedures in the country has proven positive results. The procedure consists of cross-sectional study in small scale on 12 transsexual individuals consisting of 9 men and 3 women. All of the participants had sexual reassignment surgery at an average of six years prior to the study. They all were from middle class families and held an average age of 25. The participants were subjected to MMPI-1 questionnaire, [MF] MMPI-2, The Bem Sex-Role inventory and the Bem Gender Traits Test. The study showed that the patients have responded positively to the treatment in psycho-social dimension and had obtained a normal grade at the MMPI-1 test. According to the results of the Bem and MF tests they have also accepted their new identity and role. Results of Semi structural interview included all of sample agreed with their decision. Neither of the patients has expressed regret of undertaking the surgery. Multiple factors include economic status of the patients, satisfying interpersonal relationships, efficient support system, sexual partners and satisfactory sexual life, suitable familial reactions and possibility of extra surgery have prominent role to adjust them with their new identity and role in the society

[Death due to hemangioblastoma cerebellar tumor with psychotic manifestation: a case report]

Brain tumors are fatal malignancies which are frequently associated with psychiatric and behavioural manifestation that should be noticed. Studies suggest that the primary psychiatric dysfunctions are associated with brain tumors in 47-94% of cases. A 26-year single woman with neuropsychic symptoms was under the drug therapy with antipsychotic, as well as sedative medications. Symptomatic treatment was done for the patients other symptoms, but she was aggravated and finally died after six months. Hemangioblastoma cerebellar tumor was detected by postmortem autopsy. Hemangioblastoma is a benign tumor curable with surgical resection. If the alarming symptoms of the patient had been noticed earlier and clinical suspicion had been made to space occupying brain lesion and if diagnostic imaging procedures such as computerized tumorography had been used, there would not have been a dead human being as a psychotic patient