Relationship of corporate social employees responsibility [CSR] with job attitude and behavior: employee's perception.[a study of public and private hospitals in Lahore Pakistan]

The main objective of the study to find out the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility [CSR] with Job attitude and behavior that how employee [paramedical and administration] of a hospital take care of their patients. Cross sectional study: This study was carried out in the Global Institute [CFE Campus] Lahore from March 2014 to July 2014. Sampling frame collected from employees and managers who are working in various hospitals of Lahore. Non-probability sampling techniques are used which does not involve random selection. Questionnaire was conducted in the form of closed ended question. Survey was conducted from June. During the survey, overall 204 questionnaires were distributed. Participant responded on the questionnaire on a scale of 1 to 5. The highest value is job behavior [0.763] factor which is 76.3% and it shows that the employee perception of CSR has greater influence by the job behavior factor as compare to the other variables. Mostly employee behavior with their organization is effective and their work with their colleague is done efficiently to guide and help the staff.The ratio of job attitude factor is 5.2% which shows that this factor also influences the employee perception of CSR less than the job behavior factor. Moreover the ratio of job attitude factor is 5.2% which means that job attitude toward organization is not positive. Adjusted R square 0.347 are the dependent variable. Overall whole dependent variable is significant. The R-square of the regression is 35.3% which shows the variation in dependent variable that is predicted by independent variables. The adjusted r-square is 34.7%.This study found that employees CSR perception has effects on employees work outcomes. Employees play an important role in their organizations and their perception of CSR will influence their subsequent work outcomes. The CSR programs would benefit both corporations and their employees. Organizations would also benefit from effectively interacting with their employees on CSR issues

impact of training and development on employee's performance on private and public hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan

To find out the relationship between the training and development on employee performance in hospitals. Descriptive and quantitative, cross sectional study. This study was carried out at National Institute of Business Administration and in private and public hospitals, Lahore from 5[th] February 2013 to 1[st] August 2013. The independent variables are training and development and employee performance is dependent variable Hypothesis are proposed. Non-probability and simple convenience sampling used for research purpose. Data was collected from the respondents through questionnaires. About 100 Questionnaires were distributed and collected. The study states that there is a positive correlation between training and employee performance. The value of R[2] is 0.407 which means that 40.7 % variation in the employee's performance is brought by training and development programs. The value of B[0] is 1.85 which interprets that if there is no investment in training then employee performance will be 1.85. The value of B1 is 0.407 which means that if there is 1% change in training there will be 40.7% change in employee performance. The subjected study is directly related to the role of training in increasing the performance of employees and it is found that training plays an effective role in enhancing the capabilities of both new and current employees

Surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility patterns among Shigella species in stools of diarrheal children

The objective of the present study was to find out the frequency of Shigella spp. in diarrheal patients in Pakistan and the susceptibility of isolated Shigella to different antibiotics: ampicillin, nalidixic acid, meropenem, tetracycline, amikacin, azactam, ciprofloxacin and chloremphenicol. Experimental study. This study was conducted at Pediatric Department, Mayo Hospital, Lahore and study was approved by Pakistan Pediatric Association. Stool samples were collected from 50 diarrheal children less than five years of age who were admitted in the Paediatric department Mayo Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. The samples were cultivated on standard media for Shigella, and Enterobacteriaceae. Susceptivility of Shigella isolates was tested by disk method. The frequency of isolation was 80% for Shigella species and 20% in others. Shigella, dysenteriae [65%] was the most frequently isolated species, followed by S. flexneri [23%], S. boydii, [10%] and S. sonnei [5%]. All Shigella isolates were 100% sensitive to amikacin, azactam and ciprofloxacin, while multiple drug resistance patterns were observed by all four isolates to other antibiotics. Shigella resistance is increasing against most commonly used antibiotics. Now it is the time not only to explore new drugs but also to invoke awareness about the hazards of unhygienic conditions and self medication

Frequency of aberrant expression of CD markers in cases of acute leukemia

In the present study 100 patients of acute leukemia were studied to find out the frequency of aberrant antigens in AML, B-ALL and T-ALL of which 73% cases were of lymphoid lineage and 27% cases were of myeloid lineage. 74% cases showed expression of lineage specific markers and were considered as conventional immunophenotypes while 26% cases showed expression of CD antigens which were not of that lineage upon which they were expressing. Some myeloid lineage associated antigens were present on acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases and lymphoid associated antigens showed their expression on acute myeloid leukemia cases. These cases were considered as aberrant immunophenotypes. The cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia were further subcategorized as B-cell and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The data from this study suggested that either the commonly described myeloid, B-cell and T-cell differentiation pathways are incorrect or blasts from cases of acute leukemia do not represent their normal counterparts. To explain these mixed immunophenotypes it is suggested that leukemic cells may have aberrant markers because of their abnormal genetic programme resulting in lineage infidelity. In this scenario the precursor cells may retain features of one lineage that they should have lost during commitment to another cell line. As a result of the leukemic process cells with aberrant immunophenotypes are immortalized in a precommitment phase of differentiation resulting in lineage promiscuity. This study strengthens the theories of lineage infidelity and lineage promiscuity by taking a critical and comparative approach of frequencies of aberrant antigens in acute leukemia in population of Pakistan

Efficacy of punica granatum in loose motions

Pomegranate has been used as food and medicine for centuries. In Unani and Ayurvedic systems of medicine, it is used for diarrhoea, dysentery and dyspepsia etc. A clinical trial was conducted on rind of the Pomegranate fruit to evaluate its efficacy in loose motions in comparison to a standard drug Metronidazole. After completion of the trial, it was observed that the test drug is highly effective and safe for the treatment of loose motions

Nephroprotective activity of some herbal preparations

The present paper is the first review of published literature on plants and their products which have been studied experimentally/clinically for their effects on renal functions. It covers literature reports that have appeared till June 2003 and covered in PubMed and MAP A [Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Abstracts]

diagnosis and management of the urological complications of renal transplantation: a series of 1100 patients

To analyse the Urological Complications after Renal Transplantation and their management. A retrospective analysis of 1150 consecutive live donor renal transplants was performed. The study period extended from December 1995 to December 2004. The surgical procedure for ureteral reimplantation was modified Lich anastomosis. Ultrasonography, renal scanning, antegrade pyelography, retrograde pyelography and cystography were the diagnostic tools. Overall, 68 primary urological complications [5.9%] were identified during the 15-year experience in 65 patients. The Urological Complications in our series included 35 ureteral obstruction [3.0%], 25 ureteral or bladder leaks [2.17%], 05 out flow obstruction, 02 cases of vesicoureteral reflux and 01 case of ureteral stone. The incidence of Urological Complications in our study is 5.9%. Early exploration of the ureteric leaks and timely intervention to obstructed kidney reduced the morbidity and improves graft su rvival. The causes of these complications and techniques for their prevention are discussed in this study

Plants with nephroprotective activity

The present paper is the first review of published literature on plants and their products which have been studied experimentally/clinically for their effects on renal functions. It covers literature reports that have appeared till Dec. 2002 and covered in PubMed and MAPA [Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Abstract]

Effect of Azadirachta indica "Neem" Gum on blood glucose level in normal and diabetic rats

The tree Azadirachta indica A. Juss [N.O. Meliaceae], popularly known as Neem is an indigenous plant widely available in India. Almost every part of the tree has long been used in Unani system of medicine for the treatment of a variety of human ailments. The present study investigates the effect of oral administration of the Neem [Azadirachta indica] gum on blood glucose level in normal, glucose-fed hyperglycemic, adrenaline-induced hyperglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Neem-gum [2 g/kg] was found to possess significant blood sugar lowering effect in adrenaline-induced hyperglycemic rats but such effect was not observed in normal, glucose-fed hyperglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Role of Asgand [Withania somniferd] in cadmium chloride induced nephrotoxicity in Rats

Asgand consists of roots of Withania somnifera [Family: Solanaceae], a well-famed drug in Indian system of medicine especially Unani and Ayurveda. The similarity in the restorative properties of Asgand and ginseng roots has led to Asgand being named as [Indian ginseng] Crude powder of Asgand was studied in rats for their ability to inhibit the nephrotoxicity induced by cadmium chloride. Cadmium is a well-known toxicant with the reported effect in mammal kidney tissue [Friberg, 1959, Funakoshi et al, 1995, Srivastava et al, 1996]. Crude powder of Asgand [Withania somnifera] significantly inhibited the toxicity produced by Cadmium chloride

Frequency and clinical Importance of Anti - TG auto antibodies [ATG]

To note the frequency of anti thyroglobulin autoantibodies [ATG] and its clinical importance in 25 follow-up cases of differentiated thyroid cancer [DTC]. Design: A case control study. Place and Duration of Study: The total duration of study was one year [September 2000 to August 2001]. Majority of the patients included were the routine follow-up cases at IRNUM, Peshawar. However, few of the cases were also included from NORI, Islamabad and AFIP, Rawalpindi. Subjects and All the patients who had undergone sub-total or total thyroidectomy followed by I-131 ablation therapy were selected for this study. Thyroglobulin [Tg] and ATG were measured using immunometric assay technique with reference range of non-detectable to 40 IU/L. Patients with serum Tg level ' 10 ng/mL were included in group-1 [n=15] and all the remaining [n=10] in group-2. Overall, 11 patients showed ATG titer above the pre-defined threshold level. In group -1 patients, 8 had positive anti-Tg antibodies in their sera while in group-2, it was positive in only 3 cases. Risk of relapsing metastatic/recurrent disease in association with ATG was calculated which showed that patients with positive ATG have almost seven - fold increased risk of having recurrent/metastatic disease than those who do not. Samples for s-Tg measurements must also be evaluated for ATG status because more than one-third of these patients have positive ATG titer in their sera. Although in the presence of positive ATG, the risk of concurrent metastatic/recurrent thyroid disease is increased but still more studies are required to support its significance

Transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate

Transrectal ultrasonography is a useful method of imaging the prostate gland. Endorectal ultrasonography may be used in the assessment of the enlarged or nodular prostrate. Benign prosttatic hyperplasia, prostatitis and prostatic cancer can be evaluated by this technique. In the management of patients with prostatic cancer, transrectal ultrasound scanning is invaluable in the diagnosis, staging, treatment and follow-up of the disease. We at Jinnah Hospital/Lahore General Hospital Lahore are using this technique for the imaging of prostate for the last many years. In this paper we will describe our experience regarding the value of transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer. A consecutive series of 200 ultrasound-guided biopsies of the prostate have been analysed. In 121 patients, in whom malignancy was suspected by both digital examination and ultrasound, 72 cancers were confirmed histologically. In 33 patients in whom digital rectal examination suggested cancer but ultrasound was normal, 3 cancers were confirmed. In 30 patients with a normal digital examination but a suspicious ultrasound appearance, 5 cancers were proven

Value of transrectal ultrasonography in prostatic diseases

Transrectal ultrasonography is a new addition in the armamentarium of urologists. We at Jinnah Hospital/Lahore General Hospital, are using this technique for the imaging of the prostate for the five years. In this paper we have described our experience regarding its value in the detection of prostatic diseases and precision of the transperineal biopsy under its guidance. Two hundred and seventy two transerctal prostatic ultrasonograms were received and the findings compared with the final pathological or clinical diagnosis. A high degree of accuracy was achieved in diagnosing benign prostatic hyperplasia. Transrectal ultrasonography proved invaluable in staging proven prostatic carcinomas but it was disappointing as a primary diagnostic tool for cancer with a high false positive and negative rates of 11.98% and 33.72% respectively. These finding are discussed in the light of other workers' results

Tobacco related morbidity in a Pakistani population and its implications for control

To assess the prevalence of Tobacco consumption and the magninude of Tobacco associated diseases [TAD] in a Pakistani population. Study design: A community based Trohoc study of 135 randomly chosedn households of a Kutchi abadi in Karachi. Subjects: Three hundred thirty four respondents, comprising of all household members, male and female, above15 years of age. all were interviewed and examined, by a team of doctors and medical students. 62% males and 13% females gave history of voluntary exposure to Tobacco. 44.4% of these respondents showed signs and symptoms of Tobacco associated diseases, compared with 24% of passive smokers and 21.5% of non-smokers. 71.2% of all TAD's were related to respiratory and cardiovascular systems. The median age of all respondents was below 50 years, about a decade earlier than the age reported for the various Tobacco related Cancers. If Health Education campaigns emphasize on the long term suffering that these diseases are liable to cause, rather than on early death and suffering due to lung cancers, it has a better chance of being accepted by the young smokers, whereby reducing both Tobacco associated diseases and the incidence of Tobacco related Carcinoma's