[Assessment of relationship between serum leptin and adiponectin and bone mass with energy intake and nutrients in postmenopause women of 40-60 years old]

Adequate nutrition is crucial for growth and maintenance of the body skeleton health. Nutrients consumed affect leptin and adiponectin levels and bone mass. This study was done to determine the relationship between serum leptin, adiponectin and bone mass with energy intake and nutrients in postmenopausal women, 40-60 years old. The present cross-sectional study was done on 85 postmenopausal women, aged 40-60 years. Samples of fasting blood were taken to determine concentrations of leptin and adiponectin of serum and bone mineral density was measured by the DXA method in the two areas of L2-4 and the femoral neck. Food intake was documented using questionnaires including frequency of food and was analyzed by FP2 Software. Leptin had a negative relationship with energy intake, protein and magnesium and a positive relationship with carbohydrate; there was a positive relationship between adiponectin and energy and carbohydrate. BMD of femur had a negative relationship with energy and carbohydrate, while it had positive relationship with calcium, and there was direct and significant relationship between BMD of the spine and zinc. Increase in consumption of carbohydrate and decrease in consumption of protein lead to increase in leptin. Consumption of calcium and zinc can have a protective effect on bones

[Comparison of the nutritional status of adolescent girls in the secondary schools of two educational districts of Kerman, Iran]

To evaluate and compare the nutritional status of adolescent girls in two educational districts in the city of Kerman. There were some social and economic differences between the two districts. We went to schools in the two districts and picked 395 students by classified cluster sampling. Questionnaires dealing with social and economic data were filled up by interviewing mothers and for an approximate 20% of the sample blood tests were performed to measure hemoglobin and hematocrit. Assessment of nutritional status was done using the following indices: weight for age [WA], height for age [HA] and Body Mass Index. The WA and HA were evaluated based on NCHS and the BMI was assessed based on CDC data. The mean hemoglobin values in the first and second districts were 13.97 and 14.04, while mean hematocrit values in districts 1 and 2 were 43.05% and 43.7% respectively; none of these differences were statistically significant. The rate of severe malnutrition in the first and second districts based on the index of weight for age and according to standard growth charts were 3.9% and 4.7%, while the same rate based on the index of height for age was 7% and 4.7% respectively. These differences were not statistically significant. Intake of energy, protein, vitamin A, iron and zinc was greater in the first district but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Our findings showed that in both districts the rate of protein and iron intake exceeded 100% of RDA; the rate of zinc intake in the first district was 106.2%. In both districts the lowest amount of intake was recorded for calcium. The difference between the daily intakes of nutrients in the two districts was not statistically significant. This study showed that the nutritional status is similar in the two educational districts of Kerman in terms of anemia, food intake and malnutrition; we recommend that their intake of foods rich in calcium and vitamin A be increased

[Sex hormones, leptin and anthropometric indices in men]

In this study, relationship of sex hormones, leptin and anthropometric indices in men were investigated and effect of average weight loss on these variances in obese individuals was assessed. In 186 adult men with median age 33 years [22-49], body mass index [BMI] 27 kg/m[2] [18-43] and weight of 80.1 +/- 13.8 kg, serum level of total testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin [SHBG], dehydroepiandrosterne sulfate [DHEA-S], Estradiol, LH,FSH, Insulin, leptin, DMI and waist to hip ratio [WHR] were measured and effect of weight toss on these variances in a group of 22 obese men with average weight of 88.7 +/- 14 kg were studied. Serum testosterone and SHBG levels were inversely related with BMI [r=0.18, P<0.05 and r=-0.33, p<0.001, respectively]. Serum level of SHBG was also negatively related to WHR [r=0.35, p<0.001]. Serum leptin levels were positively correlated with BMI [r=0.68, p<0.001] and were negatively related to serum level of testosterone [r=-0.57, p<0.009]. Serum level of testosterone and SHBG were significantly lower in obese than normal weight subjects [11.9 +/- 3.8 vs 13.9 +/- 4.2 nmol/l, p<0.009 and 17.0 +/- 13.9 vs 28.0 +/- 14.2 nmol/l, p<0.001 respectively]. Mean weight loss of 6.1 kg resulted in serum leptin reduction from 11.8 +/- 7.8 to 7.6 +/- 3 ng/ml [p<0.01]. In multiple regression analysis serum leptin levels were the only determinant of serum testosterone, while leptin variations were explained both by leptin and testosterone. In Conclusion, elevated serum leptin and low testosterone and SHBG levels were associated with high BMI in men. Low serum testosterone levels were related to high serum leptin, independent of BMI. Inverse relation between serum leptin and testosterone shows the role of leptin in reducing serum testosterone in obese men. In this study serum level of SHBG was negatively correlated with WHR