[Using germinated pinto bean flour instead of wheat flour in producing sausage]

Germinated pinto bean flour [GPBF] has a high nutritional value. The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of using it instead of wheat flour in producing sausages. Pinto beans were purchased from the local market, soaked in tap water for12 hours, and allowed to germinate at room temperature for 48 hours. The germinated beans were dried at 50°C for 16 hours, followed by milling to prepare flour, which was stored at -18 °C. Sausages [an experimental sample] were produced according to a commercial formulation, only replacing wheat flour with germinated pinto bean flour [GPBF] at levels of 4, 8, and 12% W/W. A sample produced with wheat flour served as the control. Moisture, fat and protein contents, and color, texture, flavour, and microbiological properties of the experimental samples were determined and compared with those of the control sample. There were no statistically significant differences [p<0.05] between the experimental and the control samples with regard to fat content, color, or texture. Samples produced with 12% GPBF had the highest contents of moisture [57%] and protein [12.32%] and the highest total bacterial counts [2800 cfu]. The flavour of the control and the 4%-GPBF samples did not differ significantly [p<0.05], but their flavour was better than that of the 8%- and 12%-GPBF samples [p<0.01]. Using germinated pinto bean flour in preference to wheat flour in producing sausages, it would be possible to develop a product with a higher nutritional value and acceptable physical, chemical and sensory properties

[ comparison of efficacy of isopropyl alcohol and ethanol in disinfection programs in pediatrics ward and neonatal intensive care unit]

Hospital infections are still one of the main causes of death. These infections may be transferred from one patient to another or through medical devices. The prevalence of hospital-acquired infection is 6%-12%. This rate increases to about 65% in some underdeveloped countries. The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of Isopropyl alcohol and Ethanol in disinfection in pediatrics ward and neonatal intensive care unit. In this trial, 116 specimens were collected from medical devices before and after disinfecting with Isopropyl alcohol and Ethanol. In order to assess the exact effect of these two disinfectants, some of the medical devices were exposed directly to microorganism colonies and then were disinfected using Isopropyl alcohol or Ethanol. Samples were cultured on Petri dishes. The results of cultured specimens before disinfection showed that some microorganisms such as Staphylococcus, Escherichia-Coli [E. coli], Pseudomonas, and Enterobacter were grown on medical devices. After disinfection, only two microorganisms grew [staphylococcus and Escherichia-Coli] on devices that were disinfected with Ethanol; and there were no growth on the devices that were disinfected with Isopropyl alcohol. The results of the study showed that the Isopropyl Alcohol is more effective in disinfecting than the Ethanol. Since the Ethanol needs more time and specific procedures to act, it should be better to use disinfectants like Isopropyl Alcohol that acts faster and simpler

Relation between school's stressor factors and physical-psychological complaints in high school students of Yasouj City, 2003-2004

Human being is usually facing a series of stressor factors in each step of his life. Specially in case of students whom stimulation will be arise in reaction with school's environment in order to prepare them to promote their psychological hygiene or psychological and behavioral disorders. In this respect, the present study was done in order to determine the school's stressor factors and their relation with student's physical complaints which was also measured according to age, sex, last year's average, etc variables. This is a correlation type of study in which 340 students [girls and boys] from pre-university level of Yasouj city with simple way based on objective were selected. The tools of data collection is a three section questionnaire consisting of information regarding personal characteristics, questions about stressors factors of the school [34 cases] and questions about physical complaints [19 cases] in students, which was done by questionnaire presenting at schools. Then, with the use of SPSS software descriptive and deductive statistics the data were analyzed. Results showed that, 50.3% of cases were boys and 49.7% of them were girls. The mean age and last year's average of samples was 17.54 +/- 1.11 and 16.25 +/- 2.03 respectively. The most stressor factors was anxiety for their future's studying and business, less average comparing with last year's average, to be deferred from studying, etc respectively and the most prevalent physical complaints of students was fast angriness, angst, headache, forgetting of lesson, etc. Also Pearson's correlation coefficient between school's stressor factors and students physical-psychological complaints showed significant relation [r=0.43, P<0.01]. Meanwhile, girls were facing stressor factors and physical complaints more than boys [t=-2.94, P<0.01, t=-3.15, P<0.01 respectively]. As it was mentioned in findings, there was a significant relation between school's stressor factors and student's physical complaints. Therefore stressor factors can be introduced to the students by teaching, helping them to select the ways of facing those factors. So that, an efficient step can be take up to promote the physical and psychological hygiene of this group of society

[Knowledge and experiences of women [40-60years] about menopause in Yasouj city]

In women who haven't any knowledge about physiological changes; menopause can make anxiety for them. Successful adaptation of women with menopause changes is severely dependent on their perception of physiological events of this period, therefore this study has been carried out in order to recognize the knowledge and experience of women about menopause. This is a descriptive study which has been done in yasouj city in the year 1381 on 350 women [40-60 years]. Data collecting device was interviewing questionnaire consisting of three demographic characteristics. knowledge and experiences parts of before, during and after menopause and was completed by direct referring to the samples homes and asking questions and them data was analyzed by SPSS software. Mean age of cases was 48.8 and 58.4% of them were illiterate, 83.6%married, 62.4% of the women were in pre-menopause ages and 80.6% didn't use hormone therapy. The most experienced physical changes were respectively, hot flashing [21.9%], Menstrual disturbances [21.1%], psychological changes like insomnia [20.8%] and hopelessness [20.3%]. Among from postmenopausal changes, urine frequency was experienced more than other symptoms. With score 0-24, mean score of knowledge about menopause was 15.7 and the most of cases had average knowledge. There were significant relationships between women knowledge and age, education, marital status menstrual situation and knowledge resources about menopause. The results of this study indicated that low percents of women use hormone therapy and considering their low education and knowledge about treatment of some menopausal problems and weak role of health staff as knowledge resources about menopause, women training by health centers are necessary

[ reasons and futurity of couples referred to the Yasouj family court 2004]

Family is the most lawful unit of the society and its main role is generation training and establishment of sentiment and fluency balance. This role could be less effective because of parent death, divorce, etc. The bad effects of these factors can appear as insecurity feeling in all family members. This study is conducted to recognize the reasons of couples referred to the Yasouj Family Court and their futurity 2004. This is a descriptive study in which 521 dossier were studied and necessary data were worked out and analyzed using descriptive inference statistic. The results showed that among 521 dossiers, 445 cases [%85.4] were women and 76 cases [%14.6] were related to the men .The minimum and the maximum age were 5 and 65 respectively with an average of 28.8 +/- 9.24 .The most applicants had presented their petition only one year after their marriage [136 cases means%30.6 women and 14 cases means%18.4 men]. In women the reason was that, they didn't receive their alimony [197cases means%44.3] and in men the reason was disobedience and this situation finally caused divorce for 103 [%23.1] women and 7 [%9.2] men. Family and it's crises is a wide subject and could be studied in different dimensions but due to rapid social, economical and cultural changes family is usually exposed to crises. In order to avoid this situation the family must have a precise and systematic planning. This could be achieved by making a stable family based on suitable choosing and primary knowledge to begin common life

study on prevalence rate of intimate partner violence among women attending yasuj health centers

Domestic violence is a serious public health problem for many women.The prevalence rate of domestic violence in couples is of different degrees. Effective factors of abuse for women are dependent on demographic and economic status Of society. Types of violence include physical sexual emotional and economical abuse. This descriptive and analytical study was done on 517 women. Data were collected by a questionnair and then analysed by descriptive and analytical statistics. Findings of this study showed that prevalence rate of domestic violence was 77.4%, and during pregnancy it was 8%. Common types of abuse were: verbal [69.5%], emotional [52.2%], physical [36.4%] and sexual [22.2%]. A correlation was found between education, Job, income and addiction of husband and exerting violence. Correlation was also found between the type of abuse and woman's age, time of marriage, number of children [p<0.05]. Results of this study showed that the most common types of abuse were verabal, emotional, physical and sexual. Results also showed that there was a significant difference between Job, income and educational level of couples and husband's addiction with violence. Also a significant difference was found between age, time of marriage, number of children and the type of violence. Results appear to Justify the necessity for family consultation and education of the girls at highschool and before marriage in order to promote women's health