ABSTRACT
There are many physiological and psychological stresses in Middle-age, which can have significant effect on mortality and suffering from a disease in women. So considering stress management in the form of a program is very important. This study aims at investigating effect of planned program of health promotion on stress management in middle-aged women. This research was a semi-experimental study and done with two groups of case [50 people] and control [41 people] were selected by convenience sampling. planned program of health promotion was performed on three stages: identification and investigation, supportive planning and evaluation of programs performing and giving feedback. Tools used to data collection in this research included: demographic information questionnaire and health promotion lifestyle profile 2 [HPLP2] questionnaires which completed by the case and control groups before and one and a half months after intervention. The finding showed that before intervention ,no meaningful important statistical difference was observed average numbers of stress management and spiritual improvement between case and control groups [P>0.05]. While after intervention according to independent t-test showed that there is a meaningful statistical difference in average numbers [P<0.05]. This difference was also meaningful before and after intervention in case group. Performing planned program of health promotion has been effective on stress management in middle-aged women and is suggested as a good program in mental health of middle-aged women
ABSTRACT
The objective of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that levels of maternal androgens, including testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [DHEAS], were associated with nausea and vomiting in normal pregnancies. A prospective study was performed. One hundred and forty pregnant women in their 12th week of pregnancy entered the study. One hundred and twenty one women were visited for a second time at follow-up, 61 had nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and 60 without nausea and vomiting. Maternal levels of testosterone and DHEAS were measured at both visits. Statistical analyses were performed utilizing t-test and correlation. Mean levels of testosterone and DHEAS were significantly higher in women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy than women without nausea and vomiting at the 12[th] week of pregnancy [p<0.001, p<0.05, respectively]. Also, in the 28[th] week of pregnancy, mean testosterone and DHEAS levels were significantly higher in women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy than women without nausea and vomiting [p<0.001, p<0.05, respectively]. There was no relationship between the severity of emesis and levels of testosterone or DHEAS at 12[th] or 28[th] week of pregnancy. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy are associated with increasing levels of maternal androgens, including testosterone and DHEAS, during the 12[th] and 28[th] week of pregnancy
ABSTRACT
The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of local hyperthermia on the healing of burn wounds. Right and Left flunks of 8 Balb-c mice [as treated and control wounds respectively] were burned. Local hyperthermia was applied only for the burn wounds of the right flunks [the treated wound]. Sampling was accomplished on the 6[th] day for half of the mice and on the 9[th] day for the other half. The treated wounds had significantly smaller sizes than control wounds on the 6[th] day [P=0.019] and the 9[th] day [P=0.007]. The number of hair follicles and sebaceous glands of the treated wounds were significantly more than those of control wounds both on the 6[th] day [P=0.025 and P=0.043, respectively] and on the 9[th] day [P=0.012 and P=0.033, respectively]. Regarding the neovascularization there was no significant difference between the treated and control wounds on the 6[th] day but on the 9[th] day the neovascularization of the treated wounds was significantly more comparing to the control wounds [P=0.025]. Acute inflammation of the treated wounds was significantly less than the control wounds [P=0.015]. Collagen formation and reepithelialization in the treated wounds were more than the control wounds both on the 6[th] and 9[th] days. It is concluded that local hyperthermia can accelerate the healing process of the second degree burn wounds
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, air pollution is a very serious problem that affects everyone especially old people, pregnant women and their fetuses, infants and all high-risk patients. This study was done to survey the effects of carbon monoxide of air pollution on fetus and changes in umbilical cord pathology. In this historical cohort study, the effect of carbon monoxide of air pollution on fetus and umbilical cord was studied in Mahdieh hospital in Tehran [Case group] and Fayazbakhsh hospital in Karaj [Control group] in 2001-02. We compared case group born to mothers who were exposed to outdoor air pollution during pregnancy [N=32], and the control group born to the mothers who were not routinely exposed to air pollution [N=32]. Two groups were similar in maternal age, gestational age, gravida and family income. Carbon monoxide, carboxyhemoglonin, birth weight and umbilical disorders were compared in two groups and the relationship between carbon monoxide with these variables was evaluated. Carbon monoxide levels were 16.69 ppm in case group and 2.68 ppm in control group [P<0.001] and carboxyhemoglobin levels in fetus was 11.21% in case group and 1.58% in control group [P<0.001]. A significant positive correlation was found between carbon monoxide and carboxyhemoglobin [R=0.87] [P<0.001]. In the case group, birth weight was decreased. Also, a significant negative correlation observed between carbon monoxide and weight [R=-0.53] [P<0.001] and between carboxyhemoglobin and weight [R=0.66]. Ambient carbon monoxide increases carboxyhemoglobin level and, it can effect on birth weight
ABSTRACT
The cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells is usually tested by radioactive assay [51Cr release assay], which detects the release of cytoplasmic contents after plasma membrane disintegration of dying cells. In contrast to this indirect evaluation of cytotoxicity, the assessment of cell damage by flow cytometry aims to provide a more exact characterization of the death pathway via detection of the percentage of apoptosis and necrotic cells. Annexin V-FITC [Axv -FITC] can be used to label cells in the early apoptopic state, while propidium iodide [PI] indicates late apoptosis or necrosis. The NK cytotoxicity of cord blood [CB] and peripheral blood [PB] was determined after 4 hours of incubation in the absence of cytokines. After 4 hours in vitro incubation, co-staining with Annexin V-FITC [Axv-FITC] and propidium iodide [PI] permitted discrimination between viable, early apoptotic and necrotic cells. As we would expect, the cytotoxicity pathway in PB mononuclear cells [MNCs] consists of both apoptosis and necrosis pathways but in CB MNCs it almost consists of early apoptosis; and necrosis is negligible. With escalating E: T [effector: target] ratio changes in the percentage of apoptotic cells in PB samples were significantly higher than CB samples. The mechanism [s] of the low cytotoxicity of resting cord NK cells is not well understood. Complementary research in this field is recognized to elucidate the phenotypical and functional properties of CB cells and how they relate to maturational stages. CB studies are important for transplantation research and may provide insight to the suppressive mechanism by which the host-recipient could evade GVHD and rejection