Adsorption of chromium from wasterwater by platanus orientalis leaves

The Cr [VI] adsorption characteristics of platanus orientalis leaves and their ash were examined as a function of contact time, initial pH and metal ion concentration. Batch adsorption experiments were performed. The effects of Ca[2+], Mg[2+], Na[+] and K[+] on adsorption were studied. The effect of this adsorbent on COD in wastewater showed that 2g/L of adsorbent caused increase of 110 mg/L and 76mg/L COD in deionized water in 120 minutes for platanus orientalis leaves and their ash, respectively. The maximum removal took place in the pH range of 6-7, contact time of 60 minutes and initial concentration of 2mg/L. Studies showed that the Freundlich adsorption model better fitted with the results than Langmuir with R[2]>0.85. The study showed platanus orientalis leaves ash was more favorable than living ones as well as in removing chromium fro the aqueous solution

Mathiue and Snodgrass; could both be combined?

Objective: To review a new technique for correcting distal-to-mid penile hypospadias where we combined both Mathiue and Saodgnss techniques

Material and Methods: From May 2000 to May 2001,10 boys [mean age: 6 years] were treated for mid to-distal penile hypospadias at the pediatric surgery unit, Alexandria faculty of medicine using a new technique where we combined both Madame and Suodgmss techniques. After the two parallel incisions on both sides of the urethral plate were made, they were carried out proximally for an equal distance to that one from the urethral meatus to the glans tip. The urethral plate was incised as usual in Snodgrass and the prom! 1hr flap raised and sutured to the edges of the urethral plate as usual in Mathiue. The width of the proximal flap was a httle a 5 nun. A second layer from the prepuce subcutaneous tissue or from local tissue were laid over the tube which m dented until u 8 or 10 Fr soft tube for 5-7 days. The mean follow up was 6 months

Results : The 10 boys were stented; 2 for 5 days and 8 for 7 days.3 cases [30%] developed a urethro-cutaneous fistula. 4 cases [40%] were already circumcised and 6 [60%] were circumcised during the same procedure. 2 cases [20%] developed metal stenosis and one case [10%] had partial repair disruption

Conclusion: Combined Mathiue and Snodgrass repair for correction of Mid-to-distal penile hypospadias is a reliable method. It nuts cases where the urethral plate is narrow and at the same time allows the use of a smaller flip flap when the proximal skin conditions does not allow for the usual flap size