Evaluation of chemoprevention effect of systemic celecoxib on induction of tongue neoplasms in rat

Cyclo-oxygenase-2 [COX-2] specific inhibitors were examined for predication or treatment of different tumors and it is indicated that COX-2 specific inhibitors play an important regulatory role in apoptosis of tumoral tissues. Therefore, the present study was designed in order to examine the preventive effects of a COX-2 specific inhibitor called. celecoxib on 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide [4NQO]-induced squamous cell carcinoma on rat. In this experimental study, 30 Sprague Dawley rats [with the age of 3- 3.5 months] were selected and divided into three groups. In order to induce lingual carcinoma, 4NQO powder was prepared 3 times a week for each cage. In this study, celecoxib power was mixed with a basic food [basal diet] in order to examine the systematic effect. Tongue samples were sent to laboratory for immunohistochemical [IHC] staining and histological examination. Based on morphological criteria and the ratio of apoptosis to cell proliferation, the prevalence of tongue precancerous lesions was reduced significantly by celecoxib. Celecoxib systematic has inhibitory effects on the 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide [4NQO]-induced squamous cell carcinoma of tongue. The effect of celecoxib is probably via suppression of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis

[Effects of low density electromegnetic on heart tissue of male Rat]

The modern life condition has caused the human to be exposed to electromegnetic fields. Epidemiologic and animal laboratory studies have illustrated the adverse effects of electromegnetic fields on biologic systems. The aim of study was to assess the effects of low density electromegnetic on heart tissue of male rat. In this experimental study 30 Wistar rats with weight of 10-150 gram and 5weeks age were used. Rats were allocated randomly in two aqual groups: case and control. Experimenal group rats were exposed to the electromegnetic field 8 hours a day for 2 months [50 HZ, 1 mili Tesla]. After 2months the rats were sacrified, the heart tissues were removed and stained by H and E method. There was not any altherations in cells and tissue of control groups. In experimental group there was a sever disruptions on heart tissue, polymorphysm of cardic myocyte nuclues with same hollow spaced in perinucluar, nuclear cytoplasem and fibrotic tissue. Also, the number and size of cells in case group were reduced. Cagulated necrosis and vacolization of cytoplasm of cardiac myocyte was observed in case group. This study showed that low density of electromegnetic Fields for two months durtion can cause pathological changes in cells and heart tissue of male rats

Antioxidant effect of lycopersicon esculentum on plasma superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde in rat espoused with lead acetate

Lead, an example of heavy metals, has, for decades, being known for its adverse effects on various body organs and systems such that their functions are compromised. In the present study, the ability of Lycopersicon esculentum on decrease toxic effects of lead acetate on plasma superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde in Rat. Lead to adversely affect the Liver tissue apoptosis was investigated and Lycopersicon esculentum: Source of antioxidants was administered orally to prevent the adverse effects of Pb. Eighteen wistar rats, randomized into three groups [n = 6], were used for this study. Animals in Group A served as the control and was drinking distilled water. Animals in Groups B and C were drinking 1% Lead acetate [LA]. Group C animals were, in addition to drinking LA, treated with 1.5 ml of Lycopersicon esculentum /day. All treatments were for 10 weeks. The obtained results showed that Pb caused a significant reduction in the liver weight, plasma and tissue superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, but a significant increase in plasma malondialdehyde concentration. These findings lead to the conclusion that Lycopersicon esculentum significantly lowered the adverse effects of Pb oxidative stress

Zingiber officinale protective effects on gentamicin's toxicity on sperm in rats

Ginger rhizome [Zingiber officinale R., family: Zingiberaceae] is used medicinally and as a culinary spice and has anti-oxidant and cell-protective effects in animals and humans body. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of ginger rhizome toxicity of gentamicin on sperm parameters in male rats. Forty Wistar male rat [n=40] were allocated into four groups, control [n=10] and test groups [n=30], that subdivided into groups of 3 that received ginger rhizome powder [100 mg/kg/day], gentamicin group that received, 5 mg/kg/day and ginger group that received, 5 mg/kg/day gentamicin additionally, for 30 consequence day. Animals were kept in standard conditions. In thirty day the testes tissue of rats in whole groups were collected. Ginger administration caused a marked increase in the testosterone concentrations of the rats even in spite of receiving 5 mg/kg/day gentamicin in compared with the control and gentamicin treated groups. Ginger rhizome is able to overcome reproductive toxicity of gentamicin and induces spermatogenesis probably mainly through the elevation of testosterone levels

Effects of Danae racemosa on testosterone hormone in experimental diabetic rats

Danae racemosa is a strong antioxidant and antioxidants have significant effects on spermatogenesis, sperm biology and oxidative stress, and changes in antioxidant capacity are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetes mellitus. Because STZ causes testicular dysfunction and degeneration under situations of experimentally induced diabetes in animal models, we aimed in this study Danae racemosa's effects in decreasing the harmful effects of STZ on testicular and sperm functions b. Male Wistar rats [n = 40] were allocated into four groups: Group 1a: Control rats given 0.5 ml of 20% glycerol in 0.9% normal saline. Group 1b: Control rats given 0.5ml of 0.5 ml citrate buffer [pH4.0].Group 2: streptozotocin [STZ] treated rats. Group 3: rats given danae racemosa 400 mg/kg [gavage]. Group 4: STZ treated rats given danae racemosa 400 mg/kg [gavage]. Animals were kept in standard conditions. At 28 days after inducing diabetics, 5 mL blood was collected for measuring testosterone. Total serum testosterone increased significantly in the group treated with danae racemosa [p < 0.05] compared with control groups. Testis weights in the diabetic groups decreased significantly in comparison with controls [p < 0.05]. Danae racemosa had a significant protective effect on the diabetes-induced deteriorations in serum total testosterone, by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species in serum. Therefore, it could be effective for maintaining healthy in diabetic rats

Study the effects of oral administration of silymarin in preventing consequences of ethanol on liver during pregnancy

Alcoholic mothers who consume ethanol give birth to infants with high percentage of hepatic diseases. Alcohol can cause cellular damage in different tissues, including liver. Finding a drug which is effective and efficient in reducing ethanol misuse consequences during pregnancy can assist the decrease of harmful effects of this habit. This research aims to study the effects of oral administration of silymarin in preventing consequences of ethanol on liver during pregnancy. 45 female rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, each including 15 ones. After the first day of pregnancy, the study was performed as follows. The first group was given distilled water. The second group received ethanol equivalent to 35% of the total required calorie. Furthermore, the third group received the same amount of ethanol plus 200 mg/kg silymarin. At day 21, biopsy of liver tissue of the born infants was carried out for light microscopy studies. Findings of the present study indicate that, in the group which received ethanol, this extract can have a considerable effect on decreasing the hepatic cellular death as well as reducing hepatic hyperemia. Oral consumption of silymarin extract can reduce the damage and inflammation in liver tissue of infants born from alcoholic mothers

[Evaluation of Ocimum basilicum effects on uterus apoptosis in rats exposures in electromagnetic fields]

In the industrial world, almost everyone is unavoidably exposed to ambient electromagnetic field [EMF] generated from various technical and household appliances. Controversy exists about the effects of EMF on various tissues of the living bodies. Uterus play an important role in reproductive and the effects of EMF on its tissue is worthy of investigation. In order to examine this, 40 rat were selected and kept for one weeks in quarantine and 20 rats subdivided to two groups were exposed to 50 Hz [non-ionizing radiation] for 6 weeks, one of this exposed group received 0.7 g/kg Ocimum basilicum, other experimental group just received 0.7 g/kg Ocimum basilicum, The materials were processed and observed apoptosis under a light microscope. In the experimental rats apoptotic cells showed significantly increased in emf groups, but in exposed group that received Ocimum basilicum, apoptotic cells were decreased [p<0.05]. As exposure to EMF may result in pathological changes then lead to sub fertility and infertility, Since in our study 0.7 g/kg Ocimum basilicum have significantly Preventive effect on uterus cells damages by reducing number of Apoptotic cells, so it seems that using it can be effective for treatment in emf exposed Rat

Treatment effects of Ginger rhizome and extract of carrot seed on diabetic nephropathy in rat

Antioxidants have essential effect on tissue regeneration after cells injury. Enhanced oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant capacity are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetes mellitus. Ginger rhizome and carrot seed are strong antioxidants and long-term treatment of Streptozotocin induced-diabetic animals with these herbs, has been shown to reduce oxidative stress. Evaluation to treatment effect of Ginger rhizome and extract of carrot seed on nephropathy after diabetes inducement. Methods: Wistar male rat [n=70] were allocated into seven groups, control group, carrot seed extract group, ginger group, control- Diabetic group received 55mg/kg [IP] streptozotocin [STZ], treatment diabetic group that received carrot seed extract, treatment diabetic group that received ginger and treatment diabetic group that received carrot seed extract plus ginger. Animals were kept in standard condition. In 30 day after inducing diabetes, 5ml blood were collected for analyzing of TAC and MDA levels, and kidney tissues of Rats were removed in all groups then prepared for analysis. Pathological changes in diabetic group which received carrot seed and ginger together was decreased compared to control group. The rate of serum TAC significantly increased in diabetic groups which received carrot seed and ginger together significantly in comparison to control-diabetic group [p<0.05]. Since in our study 25 mg/kg carrot seed extract and 100 mg/kg ginger have prevented kidney tissue injury by reducing level of Reactive Oxygen Species [ROS] in serum, so it seems that using it can be effective for treatment nephropathy in Diabetic rats

Compartments of Quercetin and Allium cepa [onion] on blood glucose in diabetic rats

The major concern in diabetes is increased oxidative stress. Maintaining a balance between reactive oxygen species [ROS] and antioxidants is a major mechanism in preventing damage from oxidative stress. Quercetin [QR] is a well-known flavonoid and a strong antioxidant derived from the onion, Allium cepa, and it has been shown to reduce oxidative stress in the long-term treatment of streptozotocin [STZ]-induced diabetes in animals. We aimed to study on beneficial effects of QR and Allium cepa on regulation of blood glucose in diabetic model. Methods: Seventy male 8-week-old Wistar albino rats weighing 250 +/- 10 g were obtained, the rats were divided into seven groups comprising ten animals in each group. Diabetes induced with single intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Diabetic rats treated with quercetin [15mg/kg/day, started 48 hours after STZ injection] and Allium cepa juice [2cc/rat/day, started 48 hours after STZ injection]. After 28 days treatment, analysis on blood glucose and insulin was done. The mean TAC showed a significant increase [p < 0.05] in the QR compared to the control, STZ and STZ + QR groups. Both QR and onion Juice had significant effect in lowering blood glucose [355.3 +/- 104 mg/dl and 353.4 +/- 103 mg/dl respectively] [p<0.05] in STZ induced diabetic animals. Both QR and onion juice had lowering effect in Serum insulin in healthy animals and significant increasing effect on serum insulin level in diabetic animals. Both QR and onion juice had good effect in modifying diabetes related biochemical parameters and they are recommended to be studied more in order to being used in the therapy

[Treatment effect of onion on sexual behavior after induces an antiepileptic drug [lamotrigine] in male rat]

The medicinal use of onion dates back to ancient China and India. Men with epilepsy have reduced fertility, and antiepileptic drugs may affect semen quality. Disturbances of reproductive endocrine hormones are more often found in men with epilepsy than in the general population. There is an ongoing debate whether this can be attributed to chronic use of antiepileptic drugs or to the epilepsy itself. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the beneficial degree of sexual behavior in male rats after inducement onion in lamotrigine receiving groups. Forty wistar rats, randomized into four groups [n=10], were used for this study, five of them male and five of them female. Animals in Group A served as the control and was drinking distilled water. Animals in Groups B: treated with 3cc/rat of onion juice, in Groups C: received10mg/kg/day lamotrigine, in Groups D: received10mg/kg/day lamotrigine plus 3cc/rat of onion juice. In All treatments were for 5 weeks. 48 hours before end of study estradiol benzoate [25 micro gr/kg/day, s.c.] and 6 hours before end of study progesterone 0.3muM were injected. Results showed the percentage of erections and couplings and serum testosterone in onion treated groups were significantly increased [p<0.01] when compared to other groups. onion and its constituents are stated to has antioxidant. Enhanced oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant capacity are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis in diseases. These findings lead to the conclusion that onion significantly lowered the adverse effects of lamotrigine, and can do beneficial effect on sexual behavior in male rat

[Study on phenolics and antioxidant activity of some selected plant of mazandaran province]

Plants are rich in phenolics [phenolic acids, flavonoids and Tannins]. The interest in phenolics has been increased by recent reports of their antioxidant activities. These antioxidant nutrients from food sources reduce the harmful effects of oxidative stress and offer health advantages. Total phenolics, flavonoids contents and antioxidant capacity of seven culinary plants of Mazandaran province were investigated and compared to Rosemary. Methanolic extracts of dried powdered aerial parts of plants were prepared. Total phenolic compounds in extracts were determined spectrophotometrically using the Folin- Ciocalteu reagent. Antioxidant activity assessed by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] method. The total phenolic content of plants extracts ranged from 38.27 to 58.45 mgGAEg[1] [Gallic acid equivalent/g dried weight], flavonoid content ranged from 25.5 to 182.23 mgQUEg[1] [mg Quercetin equivalent/g dried weight] and IC[50] ranges from 55.52 to 489.9 microgml[-1]. Among the 7 different plants, Marrubium vulgare contained a higher level of phenolics and high antioxidant capacity compared to Rosemary, while Mentha spicata had the lowest content of phenolics. The antioxidant capacity determined by the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] method was lowest for of Mentha spicata. These results clearly showed the antioxidant activity could be correlated with the phenolic components content in the extracts

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Lead is one of the world wide using metals which have been used since ancient time. It is also a toxin, it has adverse effects on the body even at low level of exposure and it induces a broad range of physiological, biochemical, and behavioral dysfunctions. Studies have been showed that this metal has harmful effects on several tissues such as: nervous system, blood tissues, and cardiovascular system, reproductive and urinary system. Survey the effect of Lead acetate on hepatic tissues in light and Electron microscope. White male rabbits of New Zealand race were used and divided into two groups. Experimental groups [N =10] 6.5 mg/Kg of lead acetate were injected intra peritoneal and control group [N=10] were injected only with demonized water every day to each animal for 7 weeks. After taking biopsy from hepatic tissues of each group, tissue preparation was performed for LM and EM studies as standard method. Quantitave and qualitative [morphometeric and morphologic] studies were carried out on electro micrographs. Data was compared using statistically methods. Morphological and morphometerical findings showed the vacuolated of mitochondria of hepatocyte, degeneration of rough endoplasmic reticulum, heterochromatin of nuclei and reduce in lobular diameter in experimental group as compare with control group [P

Protective effects of Quercetin on spermatogenesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat

Quercetin is a strong antioxidant and long-term treatment of STZdiabetic animals and it has been shown to reduce oxidative stress. antioxidants have essential effect on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters. Enhanced oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant capacity are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetes mellitus. Wistar male rat [n=40] were allocated into three groups, control group [n=10] and Quercetin [QR] group that received 15mg/kg [IP] QR, [n=10], and Diabetic group that received 55 mg/kg [IP] streptozotocin [STZ] [n=20] which was subdivided to two groups of 10; STZ group and treatment group. Treatment group received 55 mg/kg [IP] STZ plus15mg/kg QR, daily for,4 weeks, respectively; however, the control group just received an equal volume of distilled water daily [IP]. Diabetes was induced by a single intra peritonea injection of streptozotocin [55 mg/kg]. Animals were kept in standard condition. In 28day after inducing diabetic 5cc blood were collected for testosterone, TAC, MDA and Ox-LDL levels and testes tissues of Rat in whole groups were removed and sperm was collected from epididymis then prepared for analysis. Sperm population, percentage of sperm viability and motility significantly increased in group that has received 15 mg/kg [IP] Quercetin [P < 0.05] in comparison to control and experimental groups. Since in our study 15 mg/kg [IP] Quercetin have significantly Preventive effect on Sperm percentage of viability and motility by reducing level of Reactive Oxygen Species [ROS] in serum, so it seems that using it can be effective for sperm healthy parameters in Diabetic Rat

Evaluation effects of quercetin on liver apoptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat

Quercetin is a strong antioxidant and long-term treatment of STZdiabetic animals and it has been shown to reduce oxidative stress. Antioxidants have essential effect on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters. Enhanced oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant capacity are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetes mellitus. Wistar male rat [n=40] were allocated into three groups, control group [n=10] and Quercetin [QR] group that received 15mg/kg [IP] QR, [n=10], and Diabetic group that received 55mg/kg [IP] streptozotocin [STZ] [n=20] which was subdivided to two groups of 10; STZ group and treatment group. Treatment group received 55mg/kg [IP] STZ plus15mg/kg QR, daily for,4 weeks, respectively; however, the control group just received an equal volume of distilled water daily[IP]. Diabetes was induced by a single [IP] injection of streptozotocin [55mg/kg]. Animals were kept in standard condition. In 28day after inducing diabetic 5cc blood were collected for TAC,MDA and Ox-LDL levels and Liver tissues of Rat in whole groups were removed then prepared for Apoptosis analysis by Tunel method. Apoptotic cells significantly decreased in group that has received 15mg/kg [IP] Quercetin [P < 0.05] in comparison to experimental groups [P < 0.05]. Since in our study 15mg/kg [IP] Quercetin have significantly Preventive effect on liver cells damages by reducing number of Apoptotic cells in liver, so it seems that using it can be effective for treatment in Diabetic Rat

[Treatment effects of onion on spermatogenesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat]

Onion has significant blood sugar lowering action. Antioxidants have essential effect on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters. Streptozotocin can dioceses oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant capacity are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetes mellitus. Wistar male rat [n=30] were allocated into three groups, control group [n=10] and onion [O] group that received 1cc/rat [gavages]; [n=10], and Diabetic group that received 55mg/kg [IP] streptozotocin [STZ] [n=20] which was subdivided to two groups of 10; STZ group and treatment group. Treatment group received 55 mg/ kg [IP] STZ plus 15 mg/kg [O], daily for, 4 weeks, respectively; however, the control group just received an equal volume of distilled water daily[gavages]. Diabetes was induced by a single [IP] injection of streptozotocin [55mg/kg]. Animals were kept in standard condition. In 28 day after inducing diabetic 5cc blood were collected for testestrone, TAC, MDA and Ox-LDL levels and testes tissues of Rat in whole groups were removed and sperm was collected from epididymis then prepared for analysis. Sperm population, percentage of sperm viability and motility and Serum total testosterones significantly increased in group that has received 1cc/rat onion [p<0.05] in significantly decreased in comparison to control group [p<0.05]. Since in our study 1cc/rat onion have significantly preventive effect on Sperm percentage of viability and motility and serum total testosterones by reducing level of Reactive Oxygen Species [ROS] in serum, so it seems that using it can be effective for sperm healthy parameters in Diabetic Rat

Effects of danae racernosa on spermatogenesis in rat

Danae racemosa is used medicinally and as a culinary spice. Its constituents are stated to have antithrombotic, antihepatotoxic, antinociceptive and antioxidant. Enhanced oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant capacity are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetes mellitus. Wistar male rat [n=30] were allocated into three groups, control [n=10] and two test groups [each of ten]. Animals in test groups were subdivided into groups of 2 that received fresh extract equivalent to 200 and 400 mg/Kg/Rat/day Danae racemosa extract. Fresh Danae racemosa extract was administered with gavages for 28 consecutive days. Animals were kept in standard condition. On twenty eighth day, the testes of rats in the all groups were removed and sperm was collected from epididymis and was prepared for analysis. The percentage of sperm viability and motility in both test groups significantly increased [p<0.05], but the sperm concentration significantly increased only in the group that received the high dose of Danae. racemosa extracted, [p<0.05]. It was evident that there was no difference on sperm morphology and testis weight in test groups comparing to control group. In our study Danae racemosa extract has significantly affected the sperm number and percentage of viability and motility; it seems that using 400 mg/Kg/Rat/day of Danae racemosa extract is effective in sperm health parameters

Effects of ginger on spermatogenesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat

Ginger rhizome [Zingiber officinale R., family: Zingiberaceae] is used medicinally and as a culinary spice. The medicinal use of ginger dates back to ancient China and India. Ginger and its constituents are stated to have antiemetic, antithrombotic antihepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, stimulant, cholagogue and antioxidant. Enhanced oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant capacity are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetes mellitus. Wistar male rat [n=40] were allocated into three groups control group [n=10] and ginger [G] group that received l00mg/kg-perday [oral], [n=10], and Diabetic group that received 55 mg/kg [IP] streptozotocin [STZ] [n=20] which was subdivided to two groups of 10; STZ group and treatment group. Treatment group received 55mg/kg [IP] STZ plus ginger l00mg/kg-perday [G], daily for, 4 weeks, respectiveiy; however, the control group just received an equal volume of distilled water daily[IP]. Diabetes was induced by a single [IP] injection of streptozotocin C55 mg/kg]. Animals were kept in standard condition. In 28 day after inducing diabetic 5cc blood were collected for TAC, MDA and sperm parameters and testis tissues of Rat in whole groups were removed then prepared for analyzes. TAC, MDA and sperm parameters significantly decreased in diabetic group.treatment groub that has received Ginger 100 mg/kg [oral] show increasing in TAC and sperm parameters [p<0.05] in comparison to experimental groups [p<0.05]. Since in our study 100 mg/kg [oral] ginger have significantly Preventive effect on sperm parameters, so it seems that using it can be effective for treatment in Diabetic Rat

[Ultra structure study of lead acetate cytotoxic effects on heart tissue in rabbit]

Lead is one of the world wide using metals that have been used since ancient time. It is also a toxin, known to have adverse effects on the body even at low level of exposure and it induces a bread range of physiological, biochemical and behavioral dysfunctions. Studies have shown that this metal has harmful effects on several tissues such as nervous system, blood tissues, cardiovascular system, reproductive and urinary system. In this experimental study white male rabbits of New Zealand race were used and divided into two groups. Experimental group [N=10] 6.5 mg/kg of lead acetate were injected intra peritoneal every other day to each animal for 7 weeks as chronic dose and control group [N=10] were injected only with demonized water. After taking biopsy from left ventricular heart tissues of each group, tissue preparation was performed for LM and EM studies as standard method. Morphologic study was carried out on electron micrographs. Data have been compared with statistical methods. Electron microscopic study revealed the nuclei of left ventricular muscles were heterochromatin appearance and abnormality and vacuolization in mitochondria in experimental group when compared with control group. Morphological findings in experimental group showed that histological tissue changes have been more significant to control group [p<0.05]. These results suggest that lead acetate had severing effects on heart tissue during chronic dose.

[Ultra-structure study of lead acetate cytotoxic effects on testis in rabbit]

Lead is one the world wide using metals it has been used since ancient time. It is also a toxin, known to have adverse effects on the body even at low level of exposure and it induces a bread range of physiological, biochemical, and behavioral dysfunctions. Studies have been showed that this metal has harmful effects on several tissues such as: nervous system, blood tissues, and cardiovascular system, reproductive and urinary system. Because it damage human, animal and plants. Nowadays has been attended on this metal. White male rabbits of New Zealand race were used and divided into two groups. Experimental groups [N=10] 6.5 Mg/Kg of lead acetate were injected intraperitoneally every other day to each animal for 7 weeks as chronic dose and control group [N=10] were injected only with demonized water. After taking biopsy from testis tissues of each group, tissue preparation was performed for LM and EM studies as standard method. Morphologic study was carried out on electron micrographs. Data have been compared using statistically methods. Morphological findings showed that testis tissue in experimental group that chronic dose has been sever changed histologically compared with control group. Seminifar tubules diameter showed significant decrease [p<0.05]. Primary Spermatocyte nucleus showed heterochromatin and mitochondria showed vacuelaution. These results [based on present study findings] revealed that lead acetate could have vivid effects on testis tissue during chronic dose

[Evaluation of the effects of streptomycin and ofloxacin antibiotics on leydig cell apoptosis in rat]

Streptomycin and ofloxacin are synthetic antibacterial agents of aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones groups respectively which are effective against gram-negative bacteria and urinary tract infectious diseases and used in many countries in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of these drugs on leydig cell apoptosis by use of TUNEL assay in rats. Thirty male wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into three groups; control [n=10] and tests [n=20]. The test groups received 40 mg/kg [IP] streptomycin, and 72 mg/kg [PO] ofloxacin daily for fourteen days; however the control group just received vehicle [normal saline] intraperitoneally. On the fourteenth day the testis tissue of the rats in all groups were removed, fixed in 10% formaline and prepared for light microscopic examination and the Terminal Uridine Nick End Labeling [TUNEL] technique was used to identify apoptosis. The statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA test. The number of leydig cells undergone apoptosis in streptomycin, oflaxacin and control groups were [2.15 +/- 11.14], [6.15 +/- 8.17] and [1.01 +/- 0.41] respectively which revealed a significant difference. In our study the number of apoptotic cells in streptomycin group was less than that of ofloxacin group [p < 0.05]. Therefore use of streptomycin carries fewer risk of producing infertility in male rats