[ association of dietary fat sources with leptin gene expression from visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues among tehranian adults]

Introduction: leptin, as an adipokine, plays a role in the regulation of metabolism and could be affected by dietary intake. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the association of usual dietary intakes of fats with leptin gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in adults

Materials and Methods: visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues were gathered from 97 participants aged >/= 20, who had undergone elective abdominal surgery. Dietary fats including olive oil, hydrogenated oil, non-hydrogenated oil, and animal fat were collected using a valid and reliable food-frequency questionnaire. Leptin gene expression in adipose tissues was measured using Real-Time PCR

Results: a significant inverse relation was observed between olive oil intake and leptin gene expiration in subcutaneous [[beta]=-0.441, P=0.017] and visceral [[beta]=-0.552, P<0.001] adipose tissue. In addition a direct association was also observed between dietary animal fat and leptin gene expression in subcutaneous [[beta]=0.328, P=0.020] and visceral [[beta]=0.305, P=0.015] adipose tissue. Furthermore, non-hydrogenated oil consumption was inversely associated with leptin gene expression visceral adipose tissue [[beta]=-0.348, P=0.031]

Conclusion: dietary intake of olive oil was inversely and animal fat was directly associated with leptin gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues independent of body mass index and insulin indicating the importance of fat sources on adipose tissue leptin gene expression

Clinical and paraclinical evaluation of partial nephrectomy using laparoscopy and open surgery in dogs: new suturing technique

Partial nephrectomy, using open surgery or laparoscopy, is a standard surgical approach to treat renal disorders. The objective of this study was to compare and evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy using figure eight ligation technique. Mixed-breed dogs were randomly dedicated for partial nephrectomy using laparoscopy [n=6] and open surgery [n=6]. During 30 days after operation, clinical, hematological and ultrasonographic findings, intra- and post-operative complications, operation and ischemia times, urine analysis and incision length were recorded. Operations were performed successfully and dogs recovered without serious complications. All clinical and hematological findings were within normal range. Comparing two experimental groups, operation time and length of incisional scar were longer in open surgery and ischemia time was longer in laparoscopy [P<0.05]. In conclusion, using figure eight ligation, laparoscopy seems to be safer, more feasible, less time consuming in association with less bleeding for partial nephrectomy compared with conventional open surgery in dog

Minimally invasive total splenectomy in dogs: a clinical report

Cases of minimally-invasive surgery are gaining acceptance among surgeons and animal owners. One type of minimally-invasive surgery is total splenectomy, which is indicated for splenic tumors, trauma, torsions, and for dogs that require blood transfusion. To assess the safety of the technique, experimental laparoscopic splenectomies were performed in dogs for the first time in Iran. Three adult male mixed-breed dogs were placed in dorsal recumbency at a 45° angle in the right lateral position, under aseptic condition and general anesthesia. Three trocars were placed; at the umbilicus, 3 cm cranial to the umbilicus and in the right caudolateral abdomen. The spleen was rotated 90° laterally and thermal coagulation of the blood vessels was performed by bipolar electrocautery. The pedicles were checked to ensure hemostasis. The spleen was morcellated and removed from the umbilical port using a retrieval bag. The mean surgery time was 42 minutes, and all dogs survived the surgery without complications. Laparoscopic splenectomy via three portals was found to be easy and safe

Preparation and evaluation of poly [caprolactone fumarate] nanoparticles containing doxorubicin HCl

Biodegradable Poly[caprolactone fumarate] [PCLF] has been used as bioresorbable sutures. In this study, doxorubicin HCl [Dox] loaded PCLF nanoparticles were prepared and characterized. PCLFs were synthesized by polycondensation of PCL diols [Mws of 530, 1250 and 2000] with fumaryl chloride. The degradation of PCLF in NaOH, water and phosphate buffer saline [PBS], was determined in terms of Mw. Nanoparticles [NPs] were prepared by two methods. In microemulsion polymerization method, dichloromethane containing PCLF and photoinitiator were combined with the water containing surfactants and then the mixture was placed under light for crosslinking. In nanoprecipitation method, the organic solvent containing PCLF was poured into the stirring water. The effect of several variables including concentration of PCLF, polyvinyl alcohol [PVA], Dox and Trypan blue [Trb] and the Mw of PCLF and PVA on NP size and loading were evaluated. PCLF 530, 1250 and 2000 in PBS or water were not degraded over 28 days. Nanoprecipitaion method gave spherical [revealed by SEM images] stable NPs of about 225 with narrow size distribution and a zeta potential of-43 mV. The size of NP increased significantly by increase in Mw or concentration of PCLF. Although PVA was not necessary for formation of NPs, but it decreased the NP size. Dox loading and EE were 2.5-6.8% and 15-20%, respectively. Increasing the drug concentration, increased the drug loading [DL] and NP size. The entrapment efficiency [EE] for Trb ranged from 1% for PCLF530 to 6% for PCLF2000. An increase in PCLF concentration resulted in an increase in EE. Dox and Trb release showed a burst followed by 80% and 78% release during 3 and 4 days respectively. PCLF possessed suitable characteristics for preparation nanoparticulate drug delivery system including desired NP size, stability and degradation time. Although PCLF530 NPs were the smallest, but their DL were lower than PCLF1250 and 2000 NPs

[Comparative evaluation of resistance among extracorporeal roeder, meltzer and hemolock knots in intestine of sheep]

Despite advances in different techniques of suturing and their alternatives, controversies exist in their indications in laparoscopic surgeries. Due to difficulties exist with laparoscopic suturing knots the hemolock technique was introduced in this study. The objective of this study was to compare resistance among extracorporeal Meltzer and Roeder knot and hemolock in laparoscopic surgery. In this quasiexperimental study 205 intestines of sheep [20 cm length] sutured with Meltzer's [43 cases, 20%], Roeder's [44 cases, 20.5%] and hemolock [128 cases, 59.5%] methods. Resistance of these methods were evaluated with sphygmomanometer. Furthermore, side effects of sutures were evaluated. Mean pressure tolerance of Roeder's knot method [196.0 +/- 50.9 mmHg] Meltzer knot [193.8 +/- 49.22 mmHg] and hemolock clips [247.03 +/- 42.47 mmHg] were determined. Mean pressure tolerance was significantly higher in hemolock [p<0.001] compared to the other ones. Frequency of suture displacement was 52% [22 cases] in Roeder, 68% in Meltzer [23 cases], and 47% [37 cases] in hemolock. With respect of the results of this study and easy use of hemolock and due to its high pressure resistance, hemolock can be considered as a safe and good substitute for extracorporeal knots in laparoscopic surgeries

Synthesis and radioprotective study of novel amino-alkyldithiocarbamic acid derivatives against gamma-irradiation in mice

The aim of this study was to evaluate the radioprotective capacity of some novel aminoalkylated dithiocarbamic acid potassium salts against gamma-irradiation in mice. Eight compounds containing 2-aminoethyl-, 3-aminopropyl-, 4-aminobutyl-, 5-aminopentyl-, 6-aminohexyl-, 7-aminoheptyl-, 8-aminooctyl and 9-aminononyl of dithiocarbamate derivatives were prepared. Male NMRI mice were injected intraperitoneally [IP] with a geometric progression of doses [300-1000 mg/kg], through the dose response range for lethal toxicity. To evaluate the radioprotecive activity, one-half of the toxic LD[50] of each compound were injected IP to groups of twenty mice, 30 minutes prior to gamma-irradiation. The treated animals were kept for 30 days, and the lethality was recorded each day. Among eight compounds of alkyl dithiocarbamic acid derivatives, 5-aminopentyl, 7-aminoheptyl, 8-aminooctyl and 9-aminononyl dithiocarbamic acid mono potassium salts are new compounds. All evaluated compounds showed a concentration dependent effect on the survival in mice. The LD[50] values were found to be more than 599 mg/kg. The percentages of 30-day survival of mice for 2-aminoethyl, 7-aminoheptyl and 8-aminooctyl dithiocarbamic acid derivatives were 7%, 40% and 13.5%, respectively, when injected 30 minutes before gamma-irradiation. Other compounds had no radioprotective effects. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the treated and control groups for the 7-aminoheptyl derivative [p<0.05]. Among the compounds investigated in this study, 7-aminoheptyl dithiocarbamate derivative showed more radioprotective effects in comparison with the others. Although it seems that the radioprotective effects in these derivatives correlate with the size of the alkyl chain, more experiments are required to support this hypothesis

Laparoscopic treatment of polycystic ovaries with neeble cautery in clomiphen resistant patients [evaluatian of treatment results]

This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical and reproductive outcomes after Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling [LOD] performance in infertile women with Clomiphene resistant Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome [PCOS]. Regular menstrual cycles, ovulation and pregnancy rates have been considered as three main outcomes being evaluated in this study. 72 Clomiphene-resistant anovulatory women with PCOS in Karaj Hospital were taken into account in this study from 2002-2005. Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling [LOD] using a needle cautery was performed. Each ovary was punctured at 6 points. Patients were followed for 24 months for evaluating the outcome. After laparoscopy, regular menstruation occurred spontaneously in 82.6% and maintained regular at least for 6 months. The incidence of conception at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery was 14.7%, 36.8%, 58.5%, 67.6% respectively. Laparoscopic ovarian drilling is an effective treatment in Clomiphene-resistant anovulatory women with PCOS

[Laparoscopic abdominal surgeries: a review]

Laparoscopic technique in recent years has tremendously being used as a non invasive surgery to perform different operation in abdominal and thoracic cavities. This technique has been used from 1987 in different aspect of human surgery. In addition to diagnosis, biopsy, visualizing adhesion and neoplastic structure, recently cholecystectomy and ovariohysterectomy were also commonly being used as a therapeutic measure. Different investigations using laparoscope, indicate superiority of this technique as compare to that of conventional open surgery method in areas of pain, time, hospitalization, anatomical dissection, immunity reaction, cosmetic appearance, adhesion and wound involved. Veterinary laparoscopic technique use now a days is also being extensively increasing in different organs Gasterointestinal laparoscopic surgery is routinely being performed to remove foreign body, neoplasia, obstruction, duodenal and pyloric wound. Looking to future light for improving usage of laparoscopic technique in research and clinical aspect plus improving the concept of reducing pain and surgical complications, It is extremely necessary to take proper decision/action to improve research outcome in near future for application of laparoscopic tools in abdominal surgery. Laparoscopic surgeries in gastrointestinal tract have several advantages. Reduction in the period of postoperative intestinal paralysis so that gastrointestinal function returns more rapidly to normal status following minimally invasive surgery. It also involves a reduced immune response compared with open surgery. Reduced tissue desiccation and foreign body contamination and also fewer intra-abdominal adhesion. It has gained wide clinical acceptance in surgical practice in comparison to open surgery