Seasonal and monthly prevalence pattern of fasciolosis in buffaloes and its relation to some climatic factors in northeastern areas of Punjab, Pakistan

A study was conducted in the northeastern areas of Punjab province [Pakistan] to analyse the monthly and seasonal pattern of fasciolosis in buffaloes and its relation to some climatic factors [temperature, humidity, rainfall and pan-evaporation] was also worked out. The faecal samples of buffaloes were collected from April 2003 to March 2005 on a monthly basis from randomly selected areas and analysed for the presence of Fasciola egg. From 7200 samples, 1058 [14.69%] were found positive. Seasonal data showed the highest prevalence and egg count [EPG] in autumn and the lowest in spring. Monthly results showed the highest prevalence in September [32.33%] and the lowest in May [4.83%], while mean EPG was highest in October [567 +/- 95.5] and the lowest in June [3.2 +/- 0.48]. Statistically, significant difference [P<0.05] was noted within seasonal and monthly prevalences. Impact of humidity was found significant [P<0.05] on disease as compared to other climatic factors?

Radiographic technical quality of root canal fillings performed by house surgeons in the Islamic international dental college: a pilot study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical quality of root canal treatment carried out by house surgeons at a dental teaching hospital in Islamabad. Radiographic records of the 64 root canal treated teeth of patients were analyzed to find the adequacy of treatment they received. The final sample consisted of 60 teeth. Root treatment was considered adequate if the apical length of obturation was 0-2mm from the radiographic apex and no voids were discernable on the radiograph. 27[45%] out of 60 teeth could be classified as being adequate. 35[58.3%] were obturated to the correct radiographic apical length [<2mm] and 44[73.3%] had an absence of voids on the radiograph. 5 teeth had broken instruments and this was significantly correlated with a canal curvature of more than 20° [p=0.01]. No correlation was found for adequacy of treatment and tooth type or for adequacy of treatment and canal curvature. Adequate root treatment, as evaluated on the radiograph, was performed in only 45% of treated teeth

Epidemiology of Paramphistomiasis in buffaloes under different managemental conditions at four districts of Punjab province, Pakistan

Epidemioiogical studies were undertaken at slaughter-houses, livestock farms, veterinary hospitals and on household buffaloes under climatic conditions of four different districts of Punjab province. Infection rate was 22.29, 28.33, 17.08 and 12,75%, respectively in slaughter-house buffaloes, livestock farm buffaloes, veterinary hospital buffaloes and household buffaloes. Overall the season wise the highest prevalence [28.33%] was recorded in buffaloes at livestock farms followed by slaughtered [22.29%] and veterinary hospital buffaloes [17.08%]. While the lowest [12.75%] prevalence was recorded in household buffaloes during spring. It was also observed that the higher infection rate was recorded in younger buffaloes [below two years of age] than older [above two years of age] where as sex wise the prevalence indicated that male buffaloes were more commonly affected than females. Snails belonging to genera Bulinus, Lymnaea and Planorbis were also observed which are responsible for the transmission of paramphistomiasis

Definition and decision making in simple febrile seizures

Apart from history four tables are presented for guidance when dealing with a child who suffers from simple febrile convulsion

Primary torsion of omentum

Primary torsion of the greater omentum is a rare but interesting cause of acute abdominal pain. It clinically mimics acute appendicitis. A study of six cases is being presented. There were 4 females and 2 males. The age range was 24-40 years. All were explored with the clinical diagnosis of Acute appendicitis. At operation primary omental torsion was discovered which was excised and appendicectomy was done. Removed appendix was found normal in all of them. No major post-operative complication occurred

Spectrum of liver injuries in abdominal trauma

A study of 42 cases of hepatic trauma over a period of three years is presented. Spectrum of liver injuries resulting both from blunt and penetrating trauma were analysed. Total of 88% [n=37] patients underwent exploratory laparotomy and 12%[n=5] patients were treated conservatively. 62% [n=26] patients had multiple associated injures whereas 38% [n=16] had isolated liver injury. On presentation 28.5% [n=12] patients had hypotension, systolic blood pressure< 80mm of Hg whereas 71.4% [n=30] were haemodynamically stable. It has been observed that majority of liver injuries do not require aggressive surgical treatment. Thirty three patients [78%] fell in grade I-III and 9 [12%] were in grade IV-V. A significant proportion of these patients could have been managed conservatively only if ICU, serial ultrasound and CT scan facilities were available. A high incidence of morbidity and mortality is noted in patients with multiple injuries. Effectiveness of different treatment modalities is discussed

[Efficacy of diazinon against mange in sheep]

Efficacy of Diazinon [Neocidol] was evaluated through spray applications of 0.15 percent watery solution against naturally infested Sarcoptic, Psoroptic and Chorioptic mange in 33 sheep. It cured 45.0, 82.0 and 100 percent cases of chorioptic mange after first, second and third applications, respectively. Efficacy against psoroptic mange was 33, 83 and 92 percent, respectively, while the efficacy against sarcoptic mange was found to be 40% and 100 percent after two consecutive applications. No side effects were observed after treatment with Diazinon. The untreated control group remained positive for mange throughout the course of treatment