ABSTRACT
Introduction: Investing in health systems development, its impact on increasing labor productivity and production, the allocation of resources, and performance evaluation of hospitals, as the main operational unit, is very important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Tehran University of Medical Sciences hospitals [TUMS] by Data Envelopment Analysis [DEA]
Methods: This was an applied descriptive survey. In this study, relative efficiency of 22 hospitals were analyzed between 2009 and 2011. For this purpose, input-oriented DEA technique with the assumption of variable return to the scale was used. The necessary information was extracted from scientific documents, and the data related to input and output indices were collected from Vice Chancellor for Administration and Finance of TUMS. The collected data were then analyzed by DEA Solver
Results: The averages of efficiency in hospitals, during the years 2009-2011, were 0.865, 0.859, and 0.870, respectively. 63 percent of hospitals had constant return to scale, 27 percent had decreasing return to scale and 10 percent of them had increasing return to scale. Therefore, 90 percent of hospitals did not have the capacity to develop beyond the status quo. The amount of input for achieving efficiency and saving resources were also determined in inefficient hospitals
Conclusions: This research introduces a functional pattern to senior managers of the health sector, enabling them to have more accurate planning for capacity development and resource saving
ABSTRACT
Green tea [Camellia sinensis, Teacea family] contains antioxidant and antimicrobial agents,and has a protective effect on the health of teeth. The aim of this study was to make a stable formulation of green tea aqueous extract and to verify its antimicrobial effects on the oral aerobic bacterial load. A total of 25 female volunteer students whithin the age range of 20 through 25 years were evaluated by using 0.2, 0.5 and 1% plant tannin aqueous solution on their aerobic bacteria streptococcus mutan species and the kinds of staphylococcus living in mouth. In order to evaluate the specific role of alcohol, a green tea mouthwash containing 1% tannin plus 10% alcohol was compared with a same alcohol-free formulation. Also in a separate test, a comparative study was performed between the above alcoholic green tea mouthwash and the commercial chlorhexidine 0.2%. The aqueous extract containing 1% tannin was more effective than other concentrations [P<0.05]. There was no significant difference between any of the formulations of green tea mouthwashes whether or not alcohol was incorporated [P>0.05]. Also, no difference was observed between the herbal and chlorhexidine 0.2% mouthwashes in terms of their antibacterial activities on the aerobic mouth bacterial load. The results of this study suggest that tannin 1% aqueous green tea extract is as effective as chlorhexidine 0.2% mouthwash in reducing oral aerobic bacteria. The use of this herbal mouthwash may also be safer, especially in children and pregnant women
ABSTRACT
Ibuprofen is a none-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used for intensive to moderate inflammatory pains. This drug imposed some gastrointestinal [GI] disorders such as gastritis to the GI tract. Thus, preparation of Ibuprofen suppository especially for pediatrician who manage an anesthetic children with disability of swallowing or children sensitive to oral dosage forms is very useful. Besides, some difficulties with poor dissolution rate and bioavailability of the drug in the form of suppositories have been reported .Therefore, the aim of this study was to find an opportunity for solving the problem. In this study the effect of different quantities of drug [50,100 mg], of two sizes [60,100 micro m] in the base of Witepsol H15 and W35were used. Also, beta-cyclodextrin in different concentrations of 5% and10% for enhancing solubility and colloidal silicon dioxide for uniformity of suppository drug content and Tween 80 with 0.25,0.5and 1 percent concentrations were used in consecutive tests. The results of different evaluations indicated, that, a better formulation could be prepared using Witepsol H15 with 100 mg Ibuprofen [60micron particle size],0.5%Tween 80,10% beta-cyclodextrin and 0.5% colloidal silicon dioxide. The release of Ibuprofen in this formulation was 75% at 42.52min. Comparison of all formulations showed no significant difference in most parameters [p>0.05] excepting the formulation with Tween80 and beta-cyclodextrin which showed a significant differences [p<0.05] in drug release