ABSTRACT
The Indian Criminal Justice System as we know today isn't a modern development. It finds its origin from ancient times. There exited unique methods to deal with the criminals, with each state having its own different and unique mode of punishment and justice. The Judicial framework manages the organization of the laws through the organization of the courts. The framework gives the apparatus to the settling of the questions because of which the wronged Party moves toward the courts. Nothing annoys in the human heart more than an agonizing feeling of bad form. No general public can permit a circumstance to develop where the impression prevails of there being no change for complaints.
ABSTRACT
The principal purpose of criminal justice administration is to preserve and defend the rule of law i.e, social control of law, maintenance of order, speedy trial, penalization of offenders, rehabilitation of offenders through the judicial system, and solace to victims of crimes. The current criminal justice system is affected by various loopholes and faults. The legal approach is time-consuming and generally geared towards the mind of the accused i.e., a system that is involved with the rights and interests of the offender instead of those of the victims. The current criminal justice system has been unsuccessful in delivering speedy and prompt justice to people and guaranteeing the certainty of penalization to perpetrators of crime. The necessity is therefore to offer a reformed look at the various aspects of the criminal justice system in the field of justice for people and regarding the increasing challenges of criminal justice reform.
ABSTRACT
The six basic generations (two parents, F1, F2 and backcrosses) of 14 crosses developed from nine parents differing in fruits node−1 and fruit orientation were evaluated to decipher the genetics of three quantitative traits (average fruit weight, fruits plant−1 and green fruit yield plant−1) during the rainly season of 2016 and 2017. The magnitude and direction of the additive genetic effects [a], dominance genetic effects [d], magnitudes of additive genetic variance (σ2 A) and dominance genetic variance (σ2 D) varied with the genetic background of the crosses and traits. In the genetic background of crosses involving parents differing in fruit node−1, the inheritance of average fruit weight, fruits plant−1 and fruit yield plant−1 were controlled by the genes with both additive and ambidirectional dominant effects. On the contrary, genes with only additive effects controlled the inheritance of average fruit weight, fruits plant−1 and fruit yield plant−1 in most genetic backgrounds of crosses involving parents differing in fruit orientation and those differing in both fruits node−1 and fruit orientation. Further, the genes controlling the inheritance of all the traits are dispersed among the parents used in the investigation. These results are discussed in relation to strategies to be used in breeding chilli.
ABSTRACT
Over a period of 6 months the effect of home visits on compliance with directly observed therapy, short course [DOTS], was studied on 480 new smear-positive tuberculosis patients who had delayed collecting their drugs on one occasion. Patients registered at 15 tuberculosis treatment centers in Baghdad, Iraq, were randomized to an intervention group [receiving home visits from trained personnel] or a control group. Home visits were highly effective in improving the return to treatment of patients who were late for treatment [231/240, 96.3%]. The intervention group showed a higher treatment success rate [94.2% versus 76.7%], lower default rate [0.8% versus 10.0%] and higher smear conversion rate after the end of treatment [92.9% versus 75.0%] than controls. Home visiting by trained personnel significantly improves patient compliance with DOTS