Assessment of relationship between dietary patterns and incidence of hypertension: tehran lipid and glucose study

Identifying different food patterns may play a role in reducing the incidence of hypertension. Since most studies in this field have been cross-sectional, studies demonstrating HTN incidence are very limited. Hence we conducted this longitudinal study to determine dietary patterns and their effects on the incidence of hypertension. Dietary patterns of 1787 subjects, aged 20-60 yrs, who participated in phase 3 of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS] were determined using factor analysis and the association between dietary patterns and the incidence of hypertension in phase 4 of TLGS was assessed, using logistic regression. Mean age across quartiles of healthy and western dietary patterns differed significantly. Individuals with lowest adherence to healthy dietary pattern and highest adherence to western dietary pattern were younger than others. Participants in the highest quartile of the healthy dietary pattern were physically more active than those in the upper quartile of western dietary pattern, who had the lowest level of physical activity. The healthy dietary pattern was negatively associated with elevated systolic blood pressure in models 2 [adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking and BMI] and 3 [adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking and BMI and physical activity] [odds ratio: 0.74 [95% Cl: 0.56-0.98] and 0.74 [95% Cl: 0.56-0.97] respectively, P=0.03 for both]. Results of this study showed that adherence to the healthy dietary pattern reduced the risk of incidence of hypertension by 26%

[Association between serum leptin and adiponectin and bone mineral density in 40-60-year-Old postmenopausal women]

Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease, which leads to a decrease in bone mass and disorders in its structure. Leptin and adiponectin are hormones secreted from the adipose tissue. The objective of this study was to determine association between serum leptin and adiponectin and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women 40-60 years old. This cross-sectional study included was 85 postmenopausal women, 40-60 years old. Samples of fasting blood were taken from the women in order to determine the serum concentrations of leptin and adiponectin, and bone mass density [BMD] was measured by the DXA method in two areas, i.e., L2-4 and the femoral neck. 4.5 kg/m2, respectively. There was a significant inverse relationship between +/- 5.4 years and +/- 29.4. The means +/- SD of age and body mass index [BMI] of the subjects were 52.4 the serum leptin level and BMD in the L2-4 area [p=0.02]. The data also showed a negative association between the serum adiponectin level on the one hand, and the BMD of the femur [p=0.03] and the bone mineral content [BMC] of the vertebral column [p=0.03] on the other. Leptin and adiponectin have inverse associations with the bone mineral density

[Evaluation of the relationship between the shape of the face and the shape of the maxillary central incisors in 18 to 25 year old students]

The shape of a patient face is commonly used as a reference to select the shape of the maxillary central incisors in edentulous patients. The validity of this relationship has not been proved. The objective of this clinical study was to determine whether a relationship exists between maxillary central incisor and face shape. In this descriptive analytical study two standard digital photographs of 186 students were made, one full face and the other from two maxillary central incisor's computer software named PhotoShop [7.0] was used for assessing correlation between tooth and face formed by superimposition. A visual analysis was made to determine the extent of correlation. In addition, the overall shape of the face and teeth was classified in ovoid, square, tapered, square-tapered and tapered- square groups and compared to gather. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests. The comparison of the face shapes with the reverse out line forms of left and right maxillary central incisors showed that 24% of cases had unsimilar faces and tooth forms, 51% had similar face and tooth firms and only 25% had correspond state. Women produced a better match than men 44% of subjects had the same tooth and face forms but for 56% of subjects, they were different. In this study correspondence between face and tooth forms occurred in one forth of cases. As a conclusion, no significant relationship existed between the face shapes and the inverted tooth forms

role of ulnar variance in kienbock's disease

The etiology of Kienbock's disease is not clear definitely. Lunate blood supply, its shape and ulnar variance have been counted as the etiologies of this disease. For years, ulnar variance supposed to be an important predisposing factor for Kienbock's disease. There are controversies on the role of ulnar variance in Kienbock's disease and it has recently been stated that negative ulnar variance is not a risk factor for Kienbock's disease. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of the negative ulnar variance in Kienbock's disease in Iranian patients. In this study, ulnar variance was measured in standardized condition in 90 normal wrists and in 67 patients with Kienbock's disease who had undergone surgery over the past 15 years. The correlation between age, sex and ulnar variance was assessed. We tried to determine the role of ulnar variance in the development of Kienbock's disease. Mean ulnar variance in the control group was 0.477 millimeter and in the group with Kienbock's disease, it was -0.995 millimeter. Regarding age, both groups were similar and after stratification by sex, we found that sex had no role in the development of disease. The correlations between age and ulnar variance, and sex and ulnar variance in the control group were not statistically significant. However, comparing case and control groups, we found statistically significant correlation between negative ulnar variance and Kienbock's disease. In spite of recent reports, negative ulnar variance is a predisposing risk factor for the development of Kienbock's disease

[Assessment of relationship between serum leptin and adiponectin and bone mass with energy intake and nutrients in postmenopause women of 40-60 years old]

Adequate nutrition is crucial for growth and maintenance of the body skeleton health. Nutrients consumed affect leptin and adiponectin levels and bone mass. This study was done to determine the relationship between serum leptin, adiponectin and bone mass with energy intake and nutrients in postmenopausal women, 40-60 years old. The present cross-sectional study was done on 85 postmenopausal women, aged 40-60 years. Samples of fasting blood were taken to determine concentrations of leptin and adiponectin of serum and bone mineral density was measured by the DXA method in the two areas of L2-4 and the femoral neck. Food intake was documented using questionnaires including frequency of food and was analyzed by FP2 Software. Leptin had a negative relationship with energy intake, protein and magnesium and a positive relationship with carbohydrate; there was a positive relationship between adiponectin and energy and carbohydrate. BMD of femur had a negative relationship with energy and carbohydrate, while it had positive relationship with calcium, and there was direct and significant relationship between BMD of the spine and zinc. Increase in consumption of carbohydrate and decrease in consumption of protein lead to increase in leptin. Consumption of calcium and zinc can have a protective effect on bones