[ cleaning efficacy of manual files compared with two rotary instruments in the root canal of permanent molars: an in vitro study]

Different rotary NiTi systems have been introduced for root canal cleaning. This study was performed to compare the effectiveness of a manual file [K file] with two rotary systems [ProTaper and Mtwo] for root canal preparation in the first permanent molar teeth. India ink was injected to 140 of 150 mesiobuccal root canals of human mandibular first permanent molars, which were randomly divided into three experimental [including 40 canals] and three control groups [10 canals]. In each of these first, second and third subgroups, either the manual instrument [K-file] or the rotary system [ProTaper and Mtwo] were used to prepare the root canals. Canals in group 4 were irrigated with normal saline. In group 5 and 6 no instrumentation was performed. After clearing the teeth, the root canals were observed with the help of a stereomicroscope and the data were analyzed by SPSS, Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests [p<0.05]. There was no significant difference between manual and rotary instruments. There was a significant difference between cleaning of the apical, middle and coronal areas of the canals prepared with K-file with a better performance at the apical area compared with the coronal and middle parts. While there were no significant differences in any of the three root canal regions ProTaper or Mtwo systems. The ProTaper and Mtwo rotary systems showed acceptable cleaning ability and efficacy in permanent molar root canals

[Effects of different supplemental fats to flushing diet on reprodution of Zandi Ewes]

To determine the effects of adding of different supplemental fats to flushing diet on reproductive parameters in Iranian Zandi fat-tailed ewes. Randomized complete block. Fifty two Six- year- old Zandi ewes. Four experimental diets: without supplemental fat [1], containing 4.5% calcium salts of fatty acids from tallow [2], containing 4.5% calcium salts of fatty acids from soybean oil [3] and containing 2.25% calcium salts of fatty acids from tallow plus 2.25% calcium salts of fatty acids from soybean oil [4] were tested. After laparascopy, follicles [3 mm diameter] and corpus luteums [CL] on both ovaries were counted. Number of CLs were designated as ovulation rate [OR] index. At lambing number, weight and sex of lambs and lambing date of ewes were recorded. Analysis of variance was done by general linear model procedure of the SAS. OR in group 3 was higher than the other ones [p<0.05]. Number of follicles in group 2 were lower than the other groups [p<0.05]. Pregnancy rate from first, total of two and three first periods in group 3 were higher than the other groups [p<0.05]. Pregnancy rate from first and total of two first service periods in groups 2 and 4 were higher than group 1 [p<0.05]. Lambing rate and lamb crop from each of the three service periods were highest in group 3 and lowest in group 1[ p<0.05]. Twining rate from the first service period in group 3 was higher than, the other groups and in groups 2 and 4 was higher than group 1 [p<0.05]. Twining rate from total of two first service periods in groups 3 and 4 was higher than group 1 [p<0.05]. Fat supplementation especially from rich sources of unsaturated fatty acids to flushing diet had positive effect on the OR and reproduction performance of ewes

[Evaluation of the relationship between ferritin levels and pregnancy outcome]

Introduction: Prenatal care is performed in order to diagnose high risk cases, their special caring and prevention of pregnancy complication. Recent researches show a relationship between serum ferritin level and some complications like preterm delivery, and premature rupture of membranes etc. This study evaluates the relationship between serum ferritin level and outcome of pregnancy

Methods: This study was a descriptive and analytic prospective research which covered 267 pregnant women who refered to selected health centers of Isfahan. Data collection has been done by quesionnaires and interviews, prenatal documents and results of serum ferritin levels. Sampling was done by cluster random method. Samples of serum ferritin concentration were taken in 28-30 weeks of pregnancy. Data were analyzed with descriptive and analytic tests [T-test and variance analysis]

Results: Data analysis showed serum ferritin concentration [in 28-30 weeks of pregnancy] according to 10, 25, 50, 75, 90 percentile as 8.6, 20.6, 12, 30.2, 42.5 ng/ml respectively. Samples were divided into six groups. Mean of serum ferritin levels in premature rupture of membrane cases were more than those with no PROM. On the basis of these results, a significant relationship between serum ferritin levels and PROM was seen

Discussion: The findings showed a relationship between serum ferritin level and PROM. So eventually high risk mothers exposed to PROM include mothers who suffer from asymptomatic genital tract infections can be recognized by detection of serum ferritin level within their pregnancy