ABSTRACT
Considering the importance of ticks as a main group transmitting pathogen organisms, this study designed to recognize immunogenic proteins in different tissues of Rhipicephalus [Boophilus] annulatus tick and to find out if there are common proteins in these tissues. Seven cattle were experimentally infested with about 10000 R. annulatus larvae and their humoral immune response to extracts of salivary gland and ovary of adult ticks and larval extracts during infestation were determined by ELISA and Western blot analysis. Measurements of serum antibodies level recorded weekly, from week 0 to week 9. Using Western blot analysis, 15 fractions from soluble antigens extracted from salivary gland and larvae, and 14 fractions in the larval extracts were recognized. These findings illustrate the recognition of common antigens with molecular weight of 170, 117, 100, 70, 37, 33 and 30 kDa from different antigens by resistant cattle sera. Common antigens are present in different tissues of Rhipicephalus [Boophilus] annulatus, which can be used as a target in immunization against ticks
ABSTRACT
Noise pollution is considered one of the major environmental problems of cities that its intensity has increased in recent years. Considering the harmful effects of noise pollution on public health, equivalent sound level evaluation and determination of noise pollution is very important in the urban environment. To determine the amount of noise pollution in different regions in Qazvin. This descriptive study was conducted in the summer of 1389 in Qazvin. Sound pressure levels were measured by the sound system gauge model 1053 H. The site map of the city was prepared. Based on the site map prepared, firstly, the city of Qazvin was divided into three regions including South, Central, and North areas. Secondly, the levels of sound pressure were measured in the main streets, intersections, and squares of the city according to the ISO 1999 method that approved by the Environmental Protection Organization. Equivalent sound level was reported in various places in Qazvin region, between 69.9- 72.8 db. Equivalent sound level in the middle and southern regions of the city, has been reported that about twice the northern city. In 90% of the total period of measurement, review of Ninetieth percentile sound level showed that sound pressure level was more than results of the limit recommended for residential and commercial areas. The values of equivalent sound level are reported higher than EPA standards for residential [50 dB] and commercial areas [65 dB]. Patterns of urban reform in Qazvin city have a slower development than the resource causing of noise pollution
Subject(s)
Public Health , Conservation of Natural Resources , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Environmental Exposure , Urban HealthABSTRACT
Manual carrying of loads is one of the most important causes of occupational lumbago in workplaces. The reasons for application of recommended weight limit is due to injuries frequently occur in workers while pushing or conveying objects. The aim of this research was to assess the recommended weight limit in manual carrying of loads using NIOSH standard in Packaging lines of a factory within the industrial city of Qazvin. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in one of the factories of industrial city of Qazvin in 2008. Three palette workers who were selected randomly included in our study. On each palette, cartons were arranged in 4 rows each containing 16 cartons. From 16 points on each row, 8 points were selected for assessment. Later, through determination of the multipliers of load lifting, the RWL [resistible weight limit], which is the final product of this equation, was obtained and the LI [lifting index] of each worker calculated. Calculation [definition of variables and coefficients as well as calculation of RWL and LI] and drawing of diagrams were performed using Excel program. Considering the recommended RWL, the box weight used in this study [15 kg] was heavier than the recommended weight limit [9.55 kg for origin and 7.33 kg for destination] and the LI was excited in all cases. By correcting the coefficients associated with load lifting height, distance of load displacement, and turning angle of the body, the LI can decrease to a great extent
Subject(s)
Weights and Measures , Product Packaging , Low Back Pain , Occupational Injuries , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
The treatment of methyl 1 tertiary butyl 1 ether [MTBE] vapors in biotrickling filters for air pollution control was investigated using different bacterial cultures. In the first phase, reactor was inoculated by the indigenous organisms and in the next phase, an aerobic microbial consortium able to biodegrade MTBE was used for reactor bed inoculation. Result was obtained only by specific organism: reactor was able to remove MTBE, after a short adaptation phase. Laboratory scale biotrickling filters were able to degrade up to 25 g/m.h with removal efficiency of 90%. They also showed a low rate of biomass accumulation