[In vitro evaluation of the enamel surface hardness reduction in primary and permanent teeth caused by two most common acidic soft drinks]

Statement of Problem: Dental erosion is defined as the loss of tooth substance by chemical processes not involving bacteria. Dental erosion has been found to be a common cause of tooth wear. Clinically apparent erosion has been found to be related to dietary factors such as the acid content of the beverages

Purpose: Evaluation of enamel erosion in the primary and permanent teeth as the result of two most common acidic drinks produced in Iranian factories, Mirinda and Pepsi

Materials and Method: The outermost surfaces of 20 primary and 20 permanent teeth were polished flat by using the finest grade sandpaper and water in order to facilitate the proper measurement. The specimens were then prepared by cutting 3-4 mm of the buccal surface of teeth by diamond burs. The specimens were then rinsed with distilled water and stored in 100?10 humidity before testing. The surface micro-hardness of each specimen was measured by micro vickers Hardness tester before, after 5 minutes, and 10 minutes exposure to fresh solution of each drink [10 teeth per test group]. Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used for the estatistical analysis

Results: The results showed that both drinks, Mirinda and Pepsi, produced significant surface hardness loss at 5 and 10 minutes of exposure time [p =0.05]. The amount of erosive effect was changed as the exposure time increased [change from 5 to 10 minutes]. There was no statistically significant difference between the amounts of surface hardness loss in the primary and permanent enamel [p >0.05]

Conclusion: Both drinks may have almost similar but significant erosive effect on the primary and permanent enamel surfaces. Although there wasn't any difference between erosive effect of the two beverages, this effect was increased with increase in time. The primary teeth enamel was not found to be more susceptibe to acidic beverage-induced erosion than the permanent teeth

[Assosiation study between IL1RA gene polymorphism with febrile convulsion in Shahrekord children]

Now a days, fever and seizure are the most reasons for admitting children in hospitals. Due to influence of genetic factors, some children undergo to the fever less than others. In addition, recent studeis have shown a positive correlation between family history for febrile convulsion [type and age of onset in child] and predisposition to this disease. Therefore, this study was performed to study the assosiation between IL1RA gene polymorphism and predisposition to the disease. In this case-control study, 100 patients affected by febrile convulsion who were referred to pediateric and emergency department of Hajar hospital were selected as case group and the control group was consisted of 130 healthy children. Peripheral blood sample [1.5 ml] was collected from the patients and DNA was extracted by standard phenol-chloroform method. Classic PCR was performed using one set primers designed for Inter Luekine 1 receptor antagonist and in the next step PCR products were analysed by PAGE [Poly Acryle Amid Gele Electrophoresis] and finally results were analysed by comparision of segments size. The average age of the patient group was 3.4 +/- 1.4 years and the average age of the control group was 3.4 +/- 1.2 years old. A positive history for febrile convulsion was detected for 44 cases of the patient group. The genotypic frequencies of the IL1RA gene allele1 and 2 in the patient group were 56% and 10%, respectively and for the control group were 55.4% and 6.9% respectively. Considering P=0.93 for allele 1 and P=0.401 for allele 2, no significance difference was found between two groups. Based on the Chi square test, there was no correlation between IL1RA polymorphism and predisposition to disease

[ review on physical restraint devices and introduction of a new type in the control and dental treatment of handicapped children]

Unfortunately, a proportion of children in our country have signs and symptoms of mental or physical retardation caused by different factors such as congenital diseases, psychiatric problems, pregnancy accidents, parents age and intra familial marriages. So, providing dentistry services for this group is usually difficult. The aim of this type of physical restraint which is a combination of the previous known devices fabricated in Shiraz Dental School was to control and improve dental treatment for the handicapped children. The different types of physical restraint devices from the simple primitive to the last advanced one were evaluated here and the advantages and disadvantages of each type were reviewed. After fabrication of the physical restraint device which can control the head, body and extremities separately, dental treatment was done for two equal groups of 20 handicapped children by 20 dentists. The first group was treated using the physical restraint and the second group without the device. The result was then compared from the point of view of the parents and the dentists. It can be stated that using physical restraint devices specially the last advanced types can be considered as an effective method in dental treatment of handicapped children. Comfort and positive attitudes of children, parents and finally the dentists are provided as a result of a better control of the children on dental unit chair with fabrication of the new type of the device in Shiraz Dental School. The physical control of the patients would be achieved more effectively and comfortably by this device which was shown clearly in its evaluation too