ABSTRACT
Introduction: Scientific production in each country indicates its development and the scientific journals are considered as one of the efficient tools for scientific communication and one of the primary characteristics of a social system development. The present research intends to visualize the distribution of scientific journals and documents in the field of medicine indexed in Scopus database during the years 1996-2012 as well as determining Iran's position in this field
Methods: This is an analytic descriptive study in which all published documents in the field of medicine are investigated via the output of Scopus database during the years 1996-2012. SPSS and Node XL software were used to analyze data and to draw graphs
Results: Findings showed that ten countries produced about 70% of the scientific documents in the field of medicine. Furthermore, just 86 countries had indexed journals in Scopus the majority of which [65%] were published by developed countries. Findings showed that the most cited documents were published by developed countries including US, UK and Canada
Conclusion: Scientific products and journals in the field of medicine have experienced an upward trend in Scopus and this was followed by a rapid increase in recent years. There was a significant relationship between the number of documents and citations
ABSTRACT
Introduction: "Brain Drain" or "geniuses' immigration" is one of the known immigrations; this phenomenon has caused human capitals transfer from developing to developed countries. This kind of immigration among medical graduates can cause different complications for health care services' structure in each country. The Present study has investigated brain drain among geniuses and medical and health care professionals in Iran in 2013
Methods: The Present research is a descriptive survey whit a Scientometric approach. The Study population consisted of Iranian researchers' and academic board members' scientific outputs in medical area at 88 top industrialized and developed countries that were chosen according to valid systems of university rankings around the world
Results: Findings showed that only 489 [8%] of 6126 scientific articles produced by investigated immigrants before their immigration and a significant part of articles more than 5637 [92%] have been published abroad. Besides, findings indicated that most of scientific products have been compiled in the United States of America and Britain, representing 2090 and 1036 respectively. Furthermore, a small part of Iranian immigrants' scientific outputs have been prepared in collaboration with researchers inside and nearly two thirds in collaboration with colleagues outside the country
Conclusion: It was found that more male researchers, compared to female researchers, immigrate. Besides, more than half of these researchers immigrated to the United States of America and Canada; this can be attributed to these countries' appropriate incentive and monetary policies, which will lead to the inefficiency of the attempts and actions taken by relevant organizations to keep and return these geniuses and professionals to the country in recent years
ABSTRACT
Ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn's disease [CD] are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases with uncertain etiology thought to be triggered by interactions between various environmental, genetic and immunologic factors. Incidence rate of CD and UC is different in various geographic areas around the world, between 0.1-11 and 0.5-24.5 per 100, 000 people for CD and UC, respectively. Recent studies indicate a gradual increase in both CD and UC all over the world. Given the fact that the prevalence of IBD in high rate incidence areas duplicates every 10 years, it is predicted that these diseases are going to be among the most important health issues even in developing countries. Since patients are mostly young adults and because of 50% recurrence rate in IBD, quality of life will be affected greatly. Having more information about these diseases will improve health status in our country. In this study, we decided to discuss the main topics on IBD by reviewing the literature and recent papers
Subject(s)
Humans , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/therapy , Crohn Disease , Colitis, UlcerativeABSTRACT
Gastric cancer is the most common GI cancer. It has a very high incidence rate in the northeastern Iran. Contrary to western countries and Japan, the incidence of gastric cancer has been increasing in Iran during the past two decades. Helicobacter Pylori infection is the most important risk factor for developing gastric cancer. However, the presence and influence of other environmental and genetic cancer is considered necessary. Poverty, low consumption of fresh fruits and vegetable, high nitrate in the food and heavy smoking are among the most important risk factors. Primary prevention with H. Pylori eradication especially in countries like Iran where a large number of people are infected is still in doubt. Using Pepsinogen as a predictive factor for gastric cancer is still under investigation. Currently, there are several studies assessing the precision of measuring serum Pepsinogen 1 and 2 in relation with mucosal atrophy of gastric body and antrum in Iranian patients. The results of these studies and other prospective investigations can be a big help in identification of gastric cancer risk factors and prediction of its incidence
Subject(s)
Humans , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Regarding incremental trend in infections transmitted by blood or other body secretions, and evolving infectious diseases such as avian influenza and SARS, and keeping in mind that health care personnel including nurses are at high risk of being infected, Center for Disease Control [CDC] has recommended standard precautions for all infectious diseases and isolation in cases of specific diseases. Aims of this study were to asses and determine knowledge and information of nursing staff on isolation and standard precautions. In a descriptive study, 191 nurses of educational hospitals completed a questionnaire consisting 12 questions about standard precautions and isolation recommended by CDC. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was good and Kronbach alpha was measured 82%. Questionnaire scored 12 points and the responders were divided in 4 categories, including well, intermediate, weak, and very weak. The data were analyzed by EpiInfo2000 with t-test, chi-square and Fisher exact test. Of 191 nurses, 169 were female, 13 were male and 9 persons didn't identify their gender. 56% worked in a general hospital, 28.2% in children's hospital, 12.6% in obstetrics and gynecology hospital and 3.2% in psychiatric hospital. Average score was 6.9 +/- 1.6 out of 12 points. 4.2% scored well, 57.6% intermediate, 35.1% weak and 3.1% very weak. Correct isolation and standard precautions need sufficient knowledge, and nurses and healthcare workers should have more detailed and comprehensive education in this field