[Survey and comparison of the urinary calcium level in normal and calcium stone forming groups]

Urinary stones are the third common disease in the urinary system. Because there is not any study about Hypercalciuria in normal people and patients with stone in our province [Guilan], we decided to evaluate and compare the level of urinary calcium in normal people and patients with urinary stones. Survey of the urinary calcium level in normal and calcium stone forming groups. This is a descriptive, retrospective study. Our cases were the people who had attended to Razi Hospital outpatient ward during 2004-6 and included 502 people without history of urinary tract stone [group 1], 391 patients with history of an episode of urinary tract stone [group 2] and 109 patients with history of more than one episode of urinary stone [group 3]. We extracted requested information such as age, sex, Urine Ca 24h level, serum Ca level and stone analysis from the files and data analyzed by t-test. The most common stone was Calcium Oxalate [95%]. The mean level of urinary calcium was 156 +/- 7 mg/dl in group 1, 163 +/- 7 mg/dl in group 2 and 183 +/- 5 mg/dl in group 3. There was a significant statistical difference between these 3 groups [p<0.05]. Hypercalciuria is a risk factor for stone formation, so we can use as a protective method to inhibit stone formation

[Survey the addition of sildenafil to alpha- blockers in the management of acute urinary retention related to benign prostatic hyperplasia]

Introduction: acute Urinary Retention [AUR] related to benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH] is an increasingly prevalent condition in men, and the presenting feature in about 25% of men undergoing prostatectomy

Objective: evaluate the efficacy of sildenafil for treating patients with AUR due lo BPH

Materials and Methods: this is a clinical trial, randomized, double blind study. Eighty patients with AUR related lo BPH randomly assigned to receive either 0.4mg tamsulosine hydrochloride and 25mg sildenafil citrate or 0.4mg tamsulosine hydrochloride and placebo. After 48hours, the catheter was removed and ability to void in each group was assessed. Data were analyzed by SPSS 10 and K 2, T test, P<0.05 was considered significant

Results: differences in age, prostate size and residue was not significant between two groups [p=0.791, p=0.587, p=0.364 respectively]. After catheter removal 22 patients [55%] in placebo group and 32 patients [80%] in sildenafil group voided successfully [p=0.017]. After week 19 men [47.5% ] taking placebo and 28men [70%] taking sildenafil could void yet [p=0.041].The difference 1 between two groups was statically significant [p=0.041]

Conclusion: addition of sildenafil citrate to alpha-blockers is effective in successful voiding after catheter removal for AUR related to BPH. Sildenafil may be recommended for reducing the re-catheterization rate

[ study on knowledge, attitude and performance of teachers in Rasht- City concerning family planning and contraceptive methods]

Introduction: today, population is the greatest problem in developing countries and family planning is accepted as a strategy against it by all countries and correct education of family planning and improvement of awareness level have a significant role in control of population in this field

Objective: present study was carried out to examine knowledge, attitude and performance of teachers in Rasht- City concerning Family Planning and Contraceptive Methods in 2001-2002

Materials and Methods: this study was performed in all teachers with different degrees. Sample size was 544 individuals and data were collected with questionnaires. In general, 503 questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS software

Results: age range of individuals studied was 25-55 years with mean age 38.4 years. Mean age of marriage was 24.1 with +/-3.7 standard deviation and mean number of children 1.94 with +/-0.9 year standard deviation. 57.5 percent of contributors have license degrees.44.1 percent of subjects regarded physicians and health care workers as the most important reference for achieving information. Mean score of awareness was 4.21 from a total score of 10 and 62.8 percent of them in terms of awareness were in intermediate degree. There was a reliable relationship between age and awareness [P Value 0.000]. Mean score of attitude was 3.73 in range of [-12,12] and 83.3 percent of persons were located in positive attitude group. It was found that there was reliable relationship between children number and attitude. [P.value:0. 005] Most common method for contraception was coitus interruptus [19.7 percent]. 42.7 percent of parents indicated that they had an unexpected childbirth

Conclusion: what was presented in this research revealed positive attitude among persons. In other words, there were strong motivations in the subjects concerning the necessity for family planning and prevention of unwanted pregnancies. However, due to low knowledge level about contraceptives, there was a high rate of unwanted pregnancies that suggest the poor performance of the investigatees