[Effect of drinking Ziziphora tenuior on total antioxidant capacity, total tiol and malondiadehyde serum after one session exercise inactive women]

Background: Ziziphora tenuior have high levels of phenolic and flavonoid antioxidant compounds able be for prevention with oxidative stress

Objective: In accordance with the limited studies about the effect drinking Ziziphora tenuior on exercise- induced oxidative stress response, this study was conducted to identify the effect of drinking Ziziphora tenuior and one bout aerobic exercise on serum total antioxidant capacity [TAC] and malondiadehyde [MDA] in inactive women

Methods: Twenty inactive girls [aged 22 +/- 2 years, body fat 17 +/- 2. %, and VO[2max] 35 +/- 2 ml/kg/min] in a randomized and double-blind design were allocated in two equal groups: were used Drinking Ziziphora tenuior the infusion for 48 hours before exercise, every 24 hours, 3 meals morning, noon and night [2gr per serving in 200 ml of boiling water for each person] in Ziziphora tenuior. were consumed The control group coincides with the group Ziziphora tenuior-like beverages. After a 48-hour all subjects were participated protocol with Bruce on the treadmill. Blood samples obtained before the drinking Ziziphora tenuior along with before and after the exercise protocol. The normal data were expressed as mean [ +/- SD] and analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA, Bonferroni and independent t test at alpha

Results: results show that the short drinking Ziziphora tenuior has not significant effect on oxidative stress index [MDA] [P>0.05]. Moreover, increased the serum MDA was significantly [P<0.05] decreased one bout aerobic exercise, the serum TAC was significantly [P<0.05]. However, the increased serum MDA and reduced TAC in the placebo group was significantly more than in supplement group [P<0.05]

Conclusion: The present results show that the increased resting total antioxidative capacity following drinking Ziziphora tenuiorcan, decrease the undesirable alterations of serum MDA in male inactive after one one bout aerobic exercise

Practical parasitology courses and infection with intestinal parasites in students

Students who are working in research or educational laboratories of parasitology, as well as health care workers providing care for patients, are at the risk of becoming infected with parasites through accidental exposure. The main purpose of this study was to identify potential positive cases of intestinal parasitic infections among students who took practical parasitology courses compared with students who did not take any practical parasitology courses in Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran, in 2013-2014. A total of 310 subjects from various majors were invited to voluntarily participate in the study. Various demographic data were collected using questionnaires. Three stool samples were collected from each individual on alternate days. Saline wet mounts [SWM], formalin-ether sedimentation test [FEST], Sheather floatation test [SHFT] and trichrome and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining methods were used to diagnose the presence of intestinal parasites. The prevalence rate of intestinal parasites [IPs] among the students was 11.93%. There was a significant difference between majors in the infection with IPs [P < 0.05]. The most frequently observed IPs were Blastocystis hominis [4.51%] and Giardia intestinalis [3.54%]. The results of this study showed that the transmission of pathogenic parasites in the educational course of practical parasitology could occur and must be taken into careful consideration

Echocardiographic findings in athletic horses with pulmonary regurgitation

Determining the clinical significance of cardiac murmurs is widely considered in equine practice. Pulmonary murmurs are commonly detected in athletic horses. Echocardiography plays a leading role in assessment of these murmurs. Echocardiographic evaluation of horses with pulmonary regurgitation and determining the importance of pulmonary valve murmurs. A total number of 450 athletic horses were examined with focus on cardiac and respiratory systems and 18 horses [8 horses with pulmonary murmur grades 3 and 4 and 10 normal horses] were included in echocardiographic examination. B-mode, M-mode, color flow Doppler and spectral Doppler were performed on two groups and the calculated indices were compared. No statistical difference was found between the values of the two groups [p<0.05]. No significant correlation was found between severity of murmurs grade and the severity of regurgitating jets. We found that with moderate grades of pulmonary regurgitation, no change in cardiac indices is present

Investigation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in canine sera with dilated cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy [DCM] is accompanied by myocytes and connective tissue changes. Matrix metalloproteinases [MMPs] play important roles in cardiac remodeling. It seems that the gelatinases [MMP-2 and MMP-9] are effective enzymes in cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy was confirmed in 22 dogs [patient group] including 11 female and 11 male by clinical examination, auscultation, thoracic radiography and echocardiography. 17 healthy dogs [control group] with similar weight and breed to patients were also selected from referred cases to Small Animal Hospital of the Veterinary Faculty of Tehran University and the same diagnostic procedures were performed on them. After that, serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 of control and patient groups were measured by semi-quantitative zymography. Semiquantitative analysis of zymograms from canine serums with DCM showed that total MMP-9 in patients is more than control group, while there was no significant difference in total MMP-2 between the two groups. Pro-MMP-2 was not detected in patient group but its active form was present in both groups, of course MMP-2 activity in patients was significantly more than control. Active form of MMP-9 was detected only in patients. Although pro-MMP-9 was present in both groups, its level in control group was significantly higher than patients. The heart enlargement was observed in the left, right or both parts. Statistically significant differences in active form of MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were observed between different groups of heart enlargement [right, left and both parts] compared to control but this difference was not significant considering chambers affected and VHS [vertebral heart score] groups. In conclusion, although there are some changes in serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in canine DCM, it seems that increase of MMP-9 is more prominent than MMP-2 and neither of them were affected by heart enlargement or VHS grade

phylogenetic study on the NP gene of detected canine distemper virus in [2008-2011] Iran

Canine Distemper [CD] is a lethal systemic disease affecting a wide variety of terrestrial carnivores. This study was performed to survey epidemiological and molecular characteristics of the canine distemper virus [CDV] strains circulating in Iran. In this study, 19 CDV-suspected unvaccinated dogs from Northeast and center of Iran were analyzed for presence of CDV nucleoprotein [NP] gene using Nested-PCR during 2008- 2011. Different biological samples of 14 dogs were positive. The phylogenetic analysis based on partial NP gene sequences indicated the presence of two major clusters that are clearly different from vaccine strains in Iran. One cluster belongs to the European group and the other one to the Arctic group. Due to a lack of phylogenetic analysis on CDV in countries bordering Iran, except Turkey, the ancestor of Iranian sequences specially Iranian Arctic sequences could not be definitely identified. This study is the first report on phylogenetic analysis of CDV from domestic dogs in Iran

[Antibody monitoring to canine distemper virus in unvaccinated rural dogs in the southern coastal region of Caspian sea]

Mass mortality of Caspian seal has occurred in recent years and canine distemper virus [CDV] has been identified as the main pathogenic agent in these events. Despite the repetition of this event and the presence of a large number of dead seals in the coastal region of the Caspian Sea, very little is known about the epidemiological role of these animals in canine distemper virus survival in this area. In this study the frequency of antibody against CDV in unvaccinated rural dogs in the southeast coastal region of the Caspian Sea [Iran] was evaluated by means of serum neutralization test. Serum samples [185] were randomly collected from rural dogs from 2008 to 2010. Totally the frequency of positive antibody reaction in animals against CDV was found to be 55.6% [103/185] in 1/32 dilution [CI%95: 47-61]. In this study no significant difference in susceptibility was observed between males and females and among different age groups. Moreover, most of the positive cases were observed during the winter. These results indicate that this virus is present in the ecosystem. Furthermore, there is evidence of previous natural exposure to CDV. This high frequency of antibody in serum samples might be because of previous contact with CDV contaminated corpse of Caspian seal. Dogs' population in rural areas is dense enough to maintain CDV in environment and rural dogs can be a reservoir of infection for urban dogs and wild carnivores

[ survey on fauna of ixodid ticks and their enterobacteriaceae infection in livestock in Amol city in north of Iran]

Ticks are one of the important external parasites in livestock that can transmit viral, ricketsia and bacterial agents. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of contamination of the livestock by ixodid ticks and harboring of enterobacteriaceae by the ticks in Amol City. In this descriptive study, we collected the livestock's ticks [cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats] and after fauna identification, they were sent for culture. In this study, 650 ticks were collected which belonged to 8 species. Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum was the most and Rhipicephalus bursa was the least prevalent species. Cattles and buffaloes had the highest tick infestation [38.5%]. The bacteriological results showed that the ticks were infected by 13 bacterial species such as Ecoli, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Proteus, Serratia, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis. The most and the least prevalent species were Ecoli and Serratia respectively. Considering the high prevalence of ixodid ticks in our study and presence of bacterial infection in hard ticks, appropriate training for stock breeders for improvement of their knowledge of the health problems, stock breeding and common methods of zoonotic disease prevention such as spraying and anti-tick bath, is recommended

Ultrasonography study of tendons and ligaments of metacarpal region in the camel [Camelus dromedarius]

Twelve left camel forelimbs were collected, and Ultrasonography was performed at five different levels around the metacarpal region. Limbs were then cut in the transverse plane at levels corresponding to the ultrasound images. Transverse and sagittal plane images were taken at each of the five levels, keeping all ultrasound imaging factors constant. Echogenicity, diameter, width and cross sectional area of the superficial digital flexor tendon [SDFT], deep digital flexor tendon [DDFT] and suspensory ligament [SL] were evaluated. Characteristics of echogenicity and different tendon and ligament sizes were measured and discussed

[ effects of eight weeks of resistance versus endurance training on plasma visfatin level in middle-aged men]

Visfatin is a newly discovered adipokine which increases with obesity. It is not clear whether resistance versus endurance training which induces changes in adipose tissue and blood lipids might decrease the plasma level of visfatin. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of eight weeks of resistance versus endurance training on plasma level of visfatin in middle-aged men. This clinical-trial study was conducted in 2010, in Ghachsaran, Iran. Twenty eight healthy middle-aged men [aged 38.3 +/- 4.7 years; height 173.5 +/- 5.9 cm; BMI 25.9 +/- 2.9 kg/m2] were the subjects of this study. The subjects were randomly assigned into resistance training group [n=9], endurance training group [n=9] or control group [n=10]. Resistance training performed 3 d/wk at an intensity corresponding to 65-80% of one-repetition maximum, 8-12 repetitions and 2-4 sets for 8 weeks. Endurance training group underwent an 8-week intervention with a frequency of 3 d/wk at an intensity corresponding to 65 - 80% maximum heart rate for 20 - 34 minutes. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 15.5 software using t-test. The results showed that the body fat percent, WHR and plasma visfatin were decreased after resistance and endurance training [P<0.05]. Maximum oxygen consumption, on the other hand, increases significantly in the two training groups compared with the control group [P<0.05]. Plasma visfatin levels at baseline were positively correlated with body fat percent and triglyceride concentration [P<0.05]. It seems that eight weeks of resistance and endurance training induces change in adipose tissue, and also decreases the plasma visfatin level in middle-aged men

[Radiographic evaluation of dental malocclusion and elongation of the teeth in rabbits: a retrospective study]

Aquired dental disease is characterized by deterioration of tooth quality, acquired malocclusion and elongation of the teeth roots. By now, there is no study to show incidence rate of dental diseases in Iranian pet rabbits. The aim of this study is to investigate types of disorders [dental malocclusion and elongation of the teeth roots] and rate of dental diseases based on information received from radiographs prepared from referred rabbits to Small animals Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran. During three years [2004-2007] 64 out of 239 radiographs were related to dental disorders in rabbits. Among 64 studied radiographs, 23.44% were affected by stage I of the disease and the same rate was affected by the stage II. Almost 37.5% of the affected rabbits showed signs of stage III of the disease which were accompanying with malocclusion and loss of zigzag occlusal pattern of upper and lower cheek teeth. 15.62% were affected by stage IV of the disease, no affected cases with stage V was shown. These results showed high occurrence rate of tooth root elongation and malocclusion [about 64.06%] in referred pet rabbits to the University of Tehran Veterinary hospital

Serum biochemical parameters of Asian tortoise [Agrionemys horsfieldi]

At present, a great deal of attention is being focused on the tortoise as a domestic pet. Knowledge of the blood biochemical parameters in captivity of this animal would be helpful for evaluations of their health. In this regard, the serum biochemical values were measured in 12 Asian tortoises [6 males and 6 females] before hibernation. Serum values of total protein [TOP] 63.19 +/- 7.57 g/L, Albumin [Alb] 47.24 +/- 10.66 g/L, creatinine [Crea] 57.4 +/- 4.68 micrommol/L, glucose [Glc] 81.46 +/- 21.88 mmol/L, urea 7.52 +/- 2.74 mmol/L, uric acid [UA] 0.11 +/- 0.028 mmol/L, aspartate transaminase [AST] 0.46 +/- 0.017 microkal/L, alanine transaminase [ALT] 0.44 +/- 0.053 microkal/L, amylase 1,157 +/- 33.96 microkal/L, calcium [Ca] 2.74 +/- 0.65 mmol/L, magnesium [Mg] 1.98 +/- 0.24 mmol/L, and inorganic phosphorus [P] 1.26 +/- 0.101 mmol/L were determined respectively. There were no significant differences in TOP, Alb, Glc, Crea, urea, UA, AST, ALT, amylase, Ca and P, and also Mg levels between males and females

[Effect of methanolic and n-hexanic extracts of allium porrum L. on some human coagulation tests in vitro]

Allium porrum L. is a plant from the Liliaceae family and has been used in Iranian foods as flavor. It has been used in traditional medicine in different ways. In the western parts of Iran, people believe that the fresh Allium juice can inhibit epistaxis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of methanolic and n-hexanic extracts of Allium porrum L. on coagulation tests in human beings in vitro. The methanolic and n-hexanic extracts of Allium porrum L. were prepared using continuous extraction method. Effect of different concentrations of extracts on prothrombin time [PT], partial thromboplastin time [PTT] and clotting time [CT] was evaluated. The result was analyzed by analysis of variance. The results of the present study showed that the methanolic extract of Allium porrum increased PT and PTT but failed to change the clotting time. In the presence of N-hexanic extract, clotting time increased but PT decreased. The results of this study indicated that Allium porrum extracts had a significant anti-coagulatory effect. However, some of the findings of this study are controversial, and further studies on animal models are needed in order to clarify the possible mechanisms

Unusual intraoperative fracture of a 21mm Regentr St. Jude Medical [SJM] Valve

A case of aortic valve replacement [AVR] with St. Jude Medical [SJM] Regent_ valve no 21, that was fractured intraoperatively and replaced with a SJM Regent_ valve no 19, is reported here.The fracture point was ring part of the valve that has not been reported yet

Coronary artery bypass graft in porcelain aorta

A 48 years old male, with porcelain ascending aorta, and diffuse and severe stenosis of great vessels who underwent coronary artery bypass graft [CABG], and the challenges surgeons may encounter in relation to these patients are discussed along with the review of corresponding literature on this challenging entity in cardiac surgery

[ incidence of headache after inhalational general anesthesia]

Inhalation gases that are used for general anesthesia influence central nervous system. Headache is one of the most common complications of the patients in recovery room. The more basic and exact the pain control and monitoring of patients' condition in recovery room is, the more practicable prevention of the next uncontrollable accidents is, and the more the rate of patient's satisfaction will be. This study was done with the goal of prevalence detection of headache after inhalational general anesthesia with halothane and nitrous oxide in patients who referred to Yasuj training hospitals for being under the elective operation. Subjects of this study were 417 patients referred to Yasuj training hospitals for elective operation. All of the patients were under inhalational general anesthesia. Before anesthesia the patients were asked about previous chronic headache, age, sex and smoking. After the complete return of consciousness until the patients were in recovery room, they were monitored for headache. In this study, most of the patients [66.7%] complained about headache. Rate of headache in men [80.9%] was more than women [53.1%]. The most prevalence of headache was in the age between 10-15 and the least was in the age between 26-40. Headache in the group who didn't have the history of chronic headache was more prevalent. There wasn't any meaningful relationship between headache appearing after operation of anesthesia and the length of anesthesia. The rate of headache in smokers [82.4%] was higher than in nonsmokers [63.3%]. There wasn't any meaningful relationship between headache and the method of oxygenation during anesthesia. This study shows the high prevalence of headache in inhalational general anesthesia which can be attributed to smoking, history of chronic headache, age and sex. With the recognition of disposing factors and their removal, patient's satisfaction will be more and the cure expenses will be less

Computed tomographic anatomy of the abdominal region of cat

The purpose of this study was to identify the anatomic structures of the abdominal region of cat through computed tomography [CT] to be used by veterinary radiologists, clinicians and surgeons. The abdominal region of four cats were scanned twice, with and without using contrast medium in a same position, using high-resolution imaging protocol. Slice intervals were 11 mm and were adjusted so that each vertebra was sectioned at least once. CT cuts taken with and without contrast were compared for accurate identification of specific anatomic structures. Two animals were fixed by routine anatomical method and dissected for use as reference models. Finally, important structures and landmarks were identified and labeled on the CT images