Spoilage potential of psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from raw milk and the thermo-stability of their enzymes / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

The storage and transportation of raw milk at low temperatures promote the growth of psychrotrophic bacteria and the production of thermo-stable enzymes, which pose great threats to the quality and shelf-life of dairy products. Though many studies have been carried out on the spoilage potential of psychrotrophic bacteria and the thermo-stabilities of the enzymes they produce, further detailed studies are needed to devise an effective strategy to avoid dairy spoilage. The purpose of this study was to explore the spoilage potential of psychrotrophic bacteria from Chinese raw milk samples at both room temperature (28 °C) and refrigerated temperature (7 °C). Species of Yersinia, Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Chryseobacterium showed high proteolytic activity. The highest proteolytic activity was shown by Yersinia intermedia followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens (d). Lipolytic activity was high in isolates of Acinetobacter, and the highest in Acinetobacter guillouiae. Certain isolates showed positive β-galactosidase and phospholipase activity. Strains belonging to the same species sometimes showed markedly different phenotypic characteristics. Proteases and lipases produced by psychrotrophic bacteria retained activity after heat treatment at 70, 80, or 90 °C, and proteases appeared to be more heat-stable than lipases. For these reasons, thermo-stable spoilage enzymes produced by a high number of psychrotrophic bacterial isolates from raw milk are of major concern to the dairy industry. The results of this study provide valuable data about the spoilage potential of bacterial strains in raw milk and the thermal resistance of the enzymes they produce.

Analysis of orbital malignancies presenting in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

Objective: To determine the frequencies of various orbital malignancies amongst orbital lesions in patients presenting in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 666 orbital cases with an established histopathological diagnosis of malignant tumors treated in Mayo Hospital Lahore from 1996 to 2015 [20 years]

Results: About 66% of the malignant tumors were primary, 25% secondary, 8% haematopoietic and 1% metastatic. Almost 50% of the cases were children. Retinoblastoma is the commonest tumor [43% overall and 87% among children]. Squamous cell carcinoma is the second commonest [15.6% overall and 31% among adults]. These are then followed by Adenoid cystic carcinoma of Lacrimal Gland [9%], Lymphoma/Leukaemia [8%] and Rhabdomyosarcoma [6.3%]

Conclusion: Frequencies of various orbital malignancies show geographical variation in both paediatric and adult population

Cytogenetical analysis in blood lymphocytes [g] of cigarette smokers in Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu, India

Background: Tobacco smoke causes serious health ill effects to human population. Cancer and cardiovascular diseases are more common in smoking subjects

Aim: The present study is focused about the genetical changes in smoking subjects based on their age and pack years

Subjects and methods: Based on a survey report, 160 subjects are selected from Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu, India. Venous blood and buccal smear samples are collected from each subject

Results: Increased CA is observed in heavy smokers compared to light and non smokers which is 8.90 +/- 2.58, 4.58 +/- 2.36 and 4.31 +/- 1.17, respectively. Both medium and light smokers showed significantly increased CA frequencies than control. Comet assay showed increased percentage of abnormalities in smokers [light, medium and heavy] than non-smokers

Conclusion: The frequencies of MN in buccal epithelial and blood lymphocytes are high in smokers; particularly heavy smoker group showed significantly increased results. Among them, the lymphocytic cells showed high MN frequency

Epithelial ingrowth after penetrating trauma

This is a case report about the anterior segment findings of epithelial ingrowth in a young female patient after penetrating trauma. The patient underwent multiple surgeries after penetrating trauma and epithelial ingrowth was noted on regular follow-up. Epithelial ingrowth was noted along the inner surface of corneal endothelium along with the presence of cysts. These findings suggest that epithelium penetrated through the site of perforation and grew along endothelium. Although epithelial ingrowth is a commonly reported complication of photorefractive surgery, it is rarely reported after trauma to eye. To authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of epithelial ingrowth in Pakistan

[Primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder. Observations on 7 cases]

Objective: The analysis of the etiopathologic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder

Patients and Methods: We report on a series of 7 cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder out of a total of 564 cases of bladder tumors seen at our institution during a period of 14 years [1989-2003]. All 7 patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder presented with gross hematuria. Treatment consisted of chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil [5-FU] in 3 cases where the tumor was locally advanced or metastatic; radical cystectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection and urinary diversion in 2 cases where the tumor was located in the bladder neck and trigone; partial cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection and bladder augmentation ileoplasty followed by an adjuvant chemotherapy in one case where the tumor was located at the dome of the bladder, and transurethral bladder resection followed by a chemotherapy with intravesical instillation of mitomycin-C in the remaining patient with superficial lesions. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 15 years with a mean follow-up of 93 months

Results: The two patients treated by radical cystectomy had no recurrence after 12 months, while the patient treated by transurethral resection followed by intravesical instillation of mitomycin-C was free of disease 15 years after the intervention. The patient treated by partial cystectomy did not show any local recurrence after 10 months. Among the patients treated by chemotherapy [5-FU], a partial response was achieved in two with a mean survival of 12 months, while the remaining patient died within 6 months from treatment

Conclusion: Adenocarcinoma of the bladder is often diagnosed late. No consensus on therapy has been achieved so far. Radical cystectomy remains the gold standard for organ-confined tumors. Superficial lesions are very rare and may be treated conservatively

Diagnostic delay in tuberculosis and its consequences

To find out the average duration from onset of symptoms to the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis, reasons for diagnostic delay, its consequences, association of variables and formulation of recommendations. Design: Hospital based cross-sectional study, conducted on 115 randomly selected patients. Setting: Lyari Chest Clinic and Nazimabad Chest Clinic in Karachi. In this study it was found that average time from onset of initial symptoms to diagnosis and treatment of Tuberculosis was 120 days. In 64% of the patients medical practitioners were responsible for delaying the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Loss of weight in 40% and haemoptysis is 21% were the consequences of diagnostic delay of Tuberculosis. Delay in the diagnosis of tuberculosis was statistically significant in those patients who consulted private practitioners, and consequences of tuberculosis were severe in those patients who consulted late

Carbohydrate metabolism in liver cirrhosis

Patients with cirrhosis of liver are more prone to have accompanying diabetes mellitus. The present study was conducted to investigate various biochemical parameters in patients with hepatic cirrhosis without diabetes. In these patients blood pyruvate, total bilirubin and globulin levels were elevated as compared to normal individuals. In contrast serum albumin level declined significantly whereas no significant change was observed in the concentrations of blood glucose, total proteins, total lipids, urea and serum cholesterol. These studies confirm the previous reports that carbohydrate metabolism is deranged in hepatic cirrhosis which may lead to diabetes mellitus