[ effect of resistance training intensity on serum apoA-I concentration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats]

Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in persons with type 1 diabetes. Although physical activity has been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular mortality in type 1 diabetes patients, there is limited information available regarding physical activity, resistance in particular, resistance training on the lipid profiles and apolipoprotein A-I [apoA-I] in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 4 weeks resistance training on serum lipid profiles and apoA-I levels in type 1 diabetic rats. Thirty-two male Wister rats [290 +/- 20 g] were randomly divided into four groups: Healthy control [C], diabetic controls [DC], diabetic, trained with 50% body mass [DT1], and diabetic, trained with 100% body mass [DT2]. Resistance training consisted of climbing a ladder carrying a load suspended from the tail. After 4 weeks of resistance training, serum lipid profiles, glucose and apoA-I concentrations were measured. At the end of study, we found no significant differences in serum lipid profiles and glucose concentrations between the diabetic groups. In the DT2 group, serum apoA-I levels significantly increased, compared with the C and DC groups [P<0.001 and P=0.023, respectively]. Serum apoA-I concentrations, in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats, are increased by resistance training, the alterations being affected by its intensity, without any significant changes in their lipid profiles

[Correlation between preeclampsia and season or some of its risk factor pregnant women]

Background and aim: Preeclampsia is one of the main complications during pregnancy and one of the three major contributors to maternal mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preeclampsia correlation with season and seme of its risk factors in attending women to maternity hospital of Ghods in Zahedan city, Iran

Methods: The files of pregnant women with preeclampsia who were admitted in maternity hospital of Ghods in Zahedan city during years 2004-2007 were used for the study. The patients in case group were 2488 ones who had the requirements of the study [age: 15- 45 year, gravid: 1-3], and then other 2488 pregnant women without preeclampsia were selected as control group. The approach of sampling was through simple sampling. The way of getting data achieved through filling questionnaires from the patients files

Results: The results of this study showed that there is a significant relation between preeclampsia and seasons. At the start of spring it gradually began to increase and reached to its peak in Autumn and then it suddenly decreased in the winter The most important factors of the prevalence of preeclampsia were hypertension, diabetes and previous preeclampsia, respectively

Conclusion: We found a relationship between the number of preeclampsia incidence and season. Therefore, precautions should be considered in those seasons in which the preeclampsia is increased. Attention to this prenatal care centers may help to decrease in this regard the serious side effects that endanger the health of mother and fetus

[ effect of massage therapy on the severity of labor in primiparous women]

Labor pain is the most severe pain that most of women experience it. Using novel and supportive methods of relieving labor pains such as massage therapy, labor could be a pleasant and enjoyable experience. This study was conducted to determine the effect of massage therapy on the severity of labor pain in primiparous women. In this clinical trial study a total of 60 primiparous women who were hospitalized in Mahdieh and Hedayat hospitals of Tehran were selected using simple random sampling and randomly divided into two groups of control and case [massage therapy]. The severity of pain before intervention [at the beginning of active phase] in the 4, 8, and 10 cm cervical dilation was measured in both groups by means of a Visual Analogue Scale [VAS]. Duration of the first and the second and type of delivery in both groups were investigated. Data in the two groups were compared using independent t and Chai-square tests. Before intervention, the results indicated that there was no significant difference between the two groups. Mean of severity of pain [at the beginning of the active phase] was 5.88 +/- 1.07 and 6.75 +/- 1.39 in the case the control, respectively [P<0.01]. At the beginning of transitional phase, it was 7.09 +/- 0.89 and 8.54 +/- 1.06 [P<0.05] and at the end of the first stage was 9.16 +/- and 9.73, respectively [P<0.05]. The duration of the first stage of the delivery in the case and control was 246.16 +/- 98.82 and 362.50 +/- 111.84, respectively. Regarding the effect of massage therapy in both decreasing of labor pain and in the acceleration of delivery, education and then using of the method in labor centers would result in decreasing of proposed caesarean sections

Effect of massage therapy on severity of pain and outcome of labor in primipara

Labor pain is the most severe pain a woman experience in her life. The severity and duration of labor pain is more, in primiparous women and may lead to undesirable psychological effects, lowered self-confidence and anxiety. New supportive methods like massage therapy could change the labor into a pleasant and desirable experience. Regarding this, the current study was fulfilled to evaluate the effect of massage therapy on severity of labor pain. It is a clinical trial on sixty women undergoing delivery in selected hospitals of Tehran. Target population was all the women admitted in Mahdieh and Hedayat hospitals, Tehran, for delivery. The cases were primiparous women with single fetus in the age range of 20 to 34 with cervical dilatation of four centimeters and less and gestational age of 38 to 42 weeks. They were divided into massage therapy and control groups, randomly. Severity of pain was measured in visual analogue scale [VAS] and the questionnaires were filled at the cervical dilatation of 4, 8 and 10 centimeters. Massage therapy was done using effleurage method as a type of Swedish massage technique. The data was analyzed using descriptive [frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation] and analytical [independent t-test and chi square] statistical methods by SPSS software. The results demonstrated that the mean of pain severity at the first stage of labor was significantly different between the experiment group and the control group, at the start of active phase [p= 0.009], end of transitional phase [p= 0.014] and end of the first stage [p=0.01]. Also, the duration of the first stage of the labor was different in experiment and control group. Massage therapy could be introduced as a new useful method during delivery; regarding its supportive role. It is supposed that the results of the study would introduce massage therapy as a non-pharmacological intervention during delivery to reduce the labor pain and causes a decrease in the number of cesarean sections, done to avoid the fear and anxiety, induced by normal vaginal deliveries in young mothers

Effect of massage therapy on pain severity and labor of primipara

Labor pain is a sort of pain experienced with most of the women. This pain is more and longer among primipara. This can result in invert effects such as fear, Loss of selfconfidence and anxiety. New supportive methods such as massage therapy can change labor to a pleasant event The present study is a quasi-experimental research titled ad " effect of massage therapy on pain severity and final result of labor in primipara woman". The subjects were hospitalized in two elective maternity hospitals in Tehran [2003]. Samples of the research were 60 primipara women having qualifications for the research. Sampling was done with convenient sampling. For data collecting, questionnaires and pain evaluation scales were used. Technique of massage was Effleurage that is a kind of Swedish massage exhibited for the first time in labor by Lindakimber. Before administrating any interventions, severity of pain was measured [in the beginning of active phase], in 4cm dilatation in two groups of women. Next, after massage therapy, severity of pain in 4, 8, 10cm dilatation of cervix was measured and compared with another group. Then, final result of Labor, duration of the phases 1,2 and type of labor in two groups, were compared and assessed. Research findings have been showed in table 15 and chart 7. For data analysis, SPSS software and descriptive and deductive statistical methods were used. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between mean pain severity in the first phase in massage therapy group and the control group in three initial phases of active phase [P=0.00q] and the beginning of transitive phase [P=0.014] and the end of first phase [P=0.01]. Duration of the first labor phase in groups of massage therapy and contrel was different. Results of cervix were decreased, in those group, which had massage therapy, compared with another group.This method is highly recommended as a non pharmacological method to decrease pain and duration of phase 1 babor and even to decrease fear and anxiety of normal labor in women.