Biotypmg of Pasieurella multocida isolates isolated from chickens in Egypt by RAPD PCR

The incidence of P. multocida isolates isolated from 50 random samples collected from chicken suffering from respiratory manifestation was 48%, the random serological classification showed 4 isolates [A:5, A:8, A:9and D:2]. RAPD-PCR using 4 random primers separately was demonstrated to characterize, identify and determine the differences in the DNA sequence among the isolates. Pasteurella multocida is one of the most important Gram-negative bacteria. It is upper respiratory tract [or pharyngeal region] commensal of many animal species. However, under predisposing factors the organism becomes the etiological agent of a wide range of economically important diseases, such as fowl cholera in poultry, hemorrhagic septicemia in cattle and buffalo, atrophic rhinitis in swine and snuffles in rabbits

Bone mineral density in Egyptian adolescents and adults with short stature: results of a national survey

Little is known about bone mass acquisition among stunted adolescents who did not achieve their growth in height. A national survey was made of bone mineral density among stunted adolescents and adults. A multistage stratified random sample of 2500 families [8476 adolescents and their parents] was selected from 6 governorates in different geographical areas of Egypt. Clinical history, anthropometry and measurement of bone mineral density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was done. Mean T-scores were significantly lower among both adults and adolescents with short stature compared with those of normal height. The predictors of bone status among adolescent boys were age, body mass index [BMI], height attained [z-score] and maternal T-score and for girls were BMI, age at menarche, paternal T-score and z-score. Stunted adolescents suffered from low bone mass density and low stature adults suffered a high prevalence of osteoporosis

Psychiatric home care, length of hospital stay and risk of rehospitalization in patients suffering from schizophrenia; a case control study in Al Madinah Al Munawarah Region

The effectiveness of the Psychiatric Home Care program versus the traditional, hospital-centered program needs to be evaluated for proper reform of mental health policy concerning schizophrenia. The objective of the study was to compare the length of hospital stay and risk of hospital re-admission in home-based versus the hospital based services for schizophrenic patients at the Psychiatric Home Care [PHC] of the Psychiatric Hospital, Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study involved comparing 15 schizophrenic patients in a home-based care program for 1 year to the number and length of hospitalization they experienced in the year prior to being admitted to home based care. It also included a control group of 15 schizophrenic patients under hospital-based care. Both groups were followed up for 1 year. Results indicated that the number of hospital admissions significantly decreased in the case of patients receiving PHC. Psychiatric Home Care is superior to hospital based treatment in the management of schizophrenia

Obesity among Egyptian adults with short stature

Shorter than average adults are suggested to be at a higher risk for obesity, stunted growth is short stature due to chronic malnutrition and if identified, leads to obesity. Current study tests the hypothesis that stunted children, grown up as short adults have increased risk of obesity. Data from adult participants in a 2002 national survey for assessment of obesity among the Egyptian population and the national survey for assessment of Bone Mineral Density [BMD] among Egyptian adolescents [2003] were computed by gender specific height categories separately for men and women and Body Mass Index [BMI]. In the first study, the overall prevalence of obesity was [22.8%] among stunted males, [17.6%] among none stunted males, [53.2%] among stunted females and [46.9%] among normal height females. In the second study, the overall prevalence of obesity was [31.7%] among stunted males, [27.9%] among none stunted males, [68.6%] among stunted females and [62.7%] among normal height females. The prevalence of class II and class III obesity was higher among the short stature males and females. Both short males and females had a significantly higher mean of BMI. Waist circumference was significantly greater in normal stature males. There was an inverse correlation between stature and BMT. Data supports the hypothesis that stature is inversely related to the risk of obesity

use of Nd-YAG laser in treatment of pseudofolliculitis barbae

Pseudofolliculitis barbae [PFB] is a foreign body inflammatory condition that is caused in-grown hairs of the face and the body. An effective treatment to alleviate this condition without risk of side effects has yet to be found. To study the effect of the long pulse Nd-YAG laser 1064 nm in the treatment of PFB. Twenty five male subjects were given two treatments at 4 weeks intervals on one side of their neck and/ or mandibular region. Nd-YAG laser treatments were applied onto 3x3 cm regions. Contralateral controls on the left side were used to assess overall effectiveness. Objective papules/ pustules counts at 3 months after second laser treatment were done. Assessment of any side effects after laser treatment was also evaluated. Subjective evaluation as regards the percentage of hair reduction and degree of improvement were also obtained from both patients and the investigator. Marked reduction in papules/ pustules at 3 months after final laser treatment when compared with baseline data and were statistically significant. subjective evaluations recorded full satisfaction. No prevalence of any side effect was recorded. The long pulse Nd-YAG laser [1064 nm] is considered a safe and effective modality of treatment of PFB with no side effects

Evaluation of different methods for detection of helicobacter pylori infection in dyspeptic patients

Helicobacter pylori [H. pylori] is recognized as the major cause of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease and has been classified as a carcinogen class I. Various tests have been developed to diagnose the infection, but all have limitations. H.pylori can be detected by non-invasive and invasive methods, the latter requiring endoscopy. Noninvasive testing for H.pylori is widely available and has been considered as an initial management strategy for uninvestigated dyspepsia. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the different techniques used for diagnosis of the organism and to compare these techniques to the traditional ones. The present study was carried out on 40 patients suffering from dyspepsia. From these patients gastric biopsy specimens were taken for detection of H.pylori infection by the conventional methods [H and E staining, rapid urease test "RUT", and culture] and the PCR assay. In addition, stool samples were taken for the detection of H.pylori antigen and DNA by ELISA and PCR techniques respectively, saliva samples for PCR and blood samples for detection of H.pylori antibodies IgG were also taken. A case was considered positive for H.pylori infection if the organism was isolated by the culture or at least two of the conventional methods were positive. H.pylori infection was detected in 30 cases [75%]. H.pylori stool assay [HpSA] gave the highest rate of detection [70%], followed by serum antibody detection [50%]. The lowest rate of detection of H.pylori infection was by PCR assay in the stool and the saliva, which detected only 52.5% and 25% of cases respectively. H.pylori in the stool assay [HpSA] could be used as a routine diagnostic tool for H.pylori infection. It seems to overcome some limitations of the conventional invasive techniques. It has the potential advantages of being simple to perform, relatively cheap, and samples can be submitted directly from primary care

Pathological study of gastric mucosal changes in some patients with cholestasis

The gastric mucosa is more susceptible to ulceration in the cholestasis, the cause of these changes are multifactorial. The aim of this work is to study the pathological changes in gastric mucosa in some patients with cholestasis. Thirty six subjects with ages ranged from 24-80 years old, were included in this study, and were classified into 3 groups: 12 subjects with intrahepatic cholestasis, another 12 subjects with extrahepatic cholestasis and 12 normal healthy control of matching ages and sex. All the subjects were subjected to full history taking, clinical examinations, all routine investigations, S. cholesterol and triglyceride abdominal ultrasonography, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and gastric biopcies for histopathological changes and ERCP [Endoscopic Retrograde cholangiopancreaticography] for detecting biliary system diseases and treatment. We found that total bilirubin, ALT, AST and prothrombin time were more significantly increased in intrahepatic than in extrahepatic cholestasis while serum total cholesterol is more significantly increased in extrahepatic than intrahepatic cholestasis. Endoscopically there was significant difference of gastric mucosa changes between each of intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis and control group except for atrophic gastritis which proved to be insignificant. As regard histopathological examination of gastric mucosa there was significant difference between each of intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis and control group. Theses finding indicate the importance of early interference by ERCP in extrahepatic cholestasis to avoid the histopathological complications on the gastric mucosa

Bone Mineral Density and nutrient intake among stunted Egyptian adolescents

In this study, bone mineral density, dietary and nutritional status were assessed among 159 stunted adolescents and the results were compared with 159 age, sex and socioeconomic matching controls. The results showed that the mean level of bone mass density [BMD] was significantly lower among the stunted compared with the control group; both groups had values much below the reported figures among adolescents of different countries. Dietary intake analysis showed that the mean intake of calcium and copper was not different among stunted and control groups; while the intake of animal fat, zinc and vitamin A was significantly lower among the stunted cases compared with the control group

Soft drinks consumption among Egyptian children andadolescents

As a part of the national food consumption survey conducted in 1998 by the National Nutrition Institute, the consumption of soft drinks was determined among a sample of Egyptian children and adolescents aged 2-18 years using 24 hours recall method. It was found that a minority of the studied Egyptian children [9.9%] regularly consume carbonated beverages. Mean consumption was 215 +/- 59 ml/day. Consumption was greater among rural female children in the preschool age group, and urban adolescents. Energy intake 'was higher among those in the highest soft drink consumption category compared to non-consumers, Carbohydrate consumption was highest among those in the highest soft drink consumption category compared to the moderate and non consumers. While the mean protein, fat, calcium, vitamin C, zinc and iron intake was lowest among those who had highest soft drink consumption

¿Por qué se produce la interfase de tejido conjuntivo alrededor de un implante? / Why does the connective tissue interphase is produced around implants?

La investigación del prof. P.I. Branemark ha permitido el desarrollo de sólidas bases científicas en el empleo de la implantación óseo integrada, lo que determinó un cambio radical en el tratamiento de los pacientes parcial y totalmente desdentados

Open after unsatisfactory percutaneous lumbar diskectomy experience and findings

In the search of less invasive techniques for the treatment of discogenic low back pain, percutaneous discectomy, especially in its automated form, has crept to occupy an important place in the range of different treatment modalities. Great experience is required, as well as strict adherence to patient selection rules. Failures and complications should be promptly dealt with. Ten cases with unsatisfactory results after one or two trials at PCD were presented. They necessitated open exploration and removal of the offending factors. All yielded excellent results and permitted to draw some guidelines governing the indications and techniques of PCD

Serum osmolality in different types of dehydration

Seventy patients with acute diarrhea and dehydration attending the Rehydration Center, children's Hospital, Ain Shams University, were studied. Their ages ranged from 2 to 24 months [mean 9.54 +/- 4.99], 44 were males and 26 were females. Thirty five normal infants and children of comparable age, sex and socioeconomic status were studied as controls. All children were subjected to complete clinical examination. Laboratory investigations included determination of serum sodium, potassium, osmolality, glucose, albumin and total serum proteins estimation before and after treatment of dehydration. Isonatremic dehydration was the most common type of dehydration [54%]. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean serum sodium, in patients with isonatremic dehydration before and after treatment. On the other hand, statistically highly significant difference was noticed in patients with hypo and hypernatremic dehydration. A positive correlation was found between the mean value of measured serum osmolality and serum sodium, urea, glucose and calculated serum osmolality in all types of dehydration. In mild and moderate isonatremic dehydration, the cases were isosmolal due to the normal serum urea and glucose while cases with severe degree of isonatremic dehydration had high serum urea and glucose leading to hyperosmolality. All patients with hyponatremic dehydration had hyperosmolality due to the high serum urea and glucose. In dehydrated patients serum proteins were significantly higher before treatment compared with after treatment. In conclusion, serum osmolality is a useful tool in evaluating and following up patients with diarrheal dehydration being rapid, accurate and needs only very small amount of serum

Fundamentos biológicos de óseo integración / Biological basics of osteointegration

Se hace una descripción histológica del proceso último de la oseointegración y de sus fundamentos biológicos para obtener resultados exitosos. Enseguida el autor describe el desarrollo del concepto de oseointegración desde el año 1960 y las posteriores investigaciones biológicas experimentales hasta desarrollar un procedimiento para la rehabilitación oral en un paciente desdentado. Finalmente, se hace un análisis de la aplicación clínica del procedimiento de oseointegración y de las posibilidades protésicas de reemplazo de piezas dentarias perdidas

Effect of polymerization under pressure on dimensional changes of acrylic resin maxillary dentures

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of increased curing pressure on the dimensional changes of acrylic maxillary denture. Twelve reference guides were used to measure the changes in the horizontal lateral, horizontal anteroposterior and vertical direction between the waxed and the processed dentures with each technique. The results showed a change in the lateral direction of 0.5%, 0.14%, in the anteroposterior direction of 0.53%, 0.26%, in the vertical direction of 0.098%, 0.25% for the conventional and pressure processing techniques, respectively. From this study, it could be concluded that the pressure polymerization techniques reduce the dimensional changes of acrylic resins significantly in all the measured directions