Factors influencing parental consent for participation in clinical research involving their children in Egypt

Factors affecting parents' decision to involve their children in clinical research have not been studied in all cultural backgrounds. We aimed to explore the attitudes and beliefs influencing parents' decision to involve their children in clinical research in Mansoura, Egypt. Of 523 families approached, 357 filled the questionnaire. Only 98 [27.5%] parents consented to involve their child in clinical research. The children of consenters were significantly older than refusers: 8.6 [SD 7.2] versus 2.6 [SD 1.2] years. Factors favouring consent were: research of benefit to child [84.7%], enough explanation about the benefits [40.8%] and to learn more about child's condition [29.6%]. Factors favouring refusal were: use of new drugs or vaccines [89.6%] and invasive procedures [84.2%]. Parents' rate of consent was positively correlated with the research being non-invasive and the belief that research was of benefit to their child and negatively correlated with belief that refusal may negatively affect the care provided to their child

Continuous sciatic nerve block: compartive study between the parasacral, lateral, and anterior approaches for lower limb surgery

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ease and reliability of the anterior and lateral approaches to sciatic nerve block compared to the posterior parasacral approach, and their suitability for the specific factors in the patients, positions, and surgeries. Also, the insertion and usefulness of the continuous catheter technique was evaluated. The study was carried out on 120 patients, ASA I, II and III, of both genders, age range between 20 and 70 years, scheduled for orthopedic, general and vascular lower limb surgery. Patients were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, double blind study. Patients were divided into three equal groups, 40 patients each. All the patients received femoral nerve block in addition to sciatic nerve block either parasacral [Posterior group], lateral [Lateral group] or anterior approach [Anterior group]. This was followed by continuous femoral and sciatic nerve blocks in the postoperative period. Patients were assessed as regards the time, duration and intensity of the sensory and motor blocks and also the postoperative analgesia offered by the continuous block. They were also assessed for the hemodynamic changes accompanied these blocks. Radiological study was made to demonestrate the spread of different volumes of the drugs alongside the course of the sciatic nerve. The posterior parasacral approach is the easiest technique to perform and used successfully even in obese patients, but difficult to be done, if at all, in patients with limited movement such as multi-pelvic fractures. The anterior approach was found to be the best for the patients in the supine position, with best results as regards patients' satisfaction and sensory and motor blocks. Only, it is a technique that needs high experience especially in obese patients. The lateral approach was the least performed technique especially its high approach. However, it is useful in patients in supine position, and gives the best results in thin patients. The technique showed to be extremely difficult in obese patients. The insertion of a catheter for continuous nerve block was easy. These blocks provided good or excellent postoperative analgesia for all patients in the different groups and facilitated early mobilization which helped in preventing the lower limb srugery-related morbidity and mortality

Epidural xylazine analgesia in some domesticated animals

Caudal epidural analgesia was successfully conducted in domesticated animals using xylazine hydrochloride in a dose of 0.1 -0.15 mg/kg body weight. It provided good analgesia, posterior muscle slackening and variable degree of surgical interferences and obstetrical manipulations in the posterior regions were performed under the influence of caudal epidural xylazine analgesis. Clinical manifestations were fully described and no complications were observed

Further experience with primary carcinomas of ureteric stump

Our preliminary experience with primary tumours of the ureteric stump has previously been published [El-Shawaf et al, 1979]. Additional two cases are presented. In our review of the iterature untill 1990, we found only 19 cases. No other primary tumours in isolated stumps were reported. A review of the fate and incidence of disease in ureteric stump is given. The number, histological type, symptoms and pro-operative diagnosis of ureteric stump tumours are discussed

Primary tumours of the ureter: a retrospective study of 18 cases

During a 9-year period, 18 patients with primary ureteral tumours were seen in our Center. The lesion was transitional cell carcinoma in 17 patients and benign villous papilloma in one. The age of patients ranged from 35 to 75 years, with the highest incidence between the sixth and seventh decades. Males were more frequently affected than females, and the lower third of the ureter was the most common site. Haematuria and flank pain were the commonest presenting features. Total nephroureterectomy with exicision of bladder cuff was done in all cases. Most of the patients living without recurrence are belonging to stage A disease. Ten patients are alive for more than one year while 6 are alive less than 3 years. Three patients presented 5-year survival free from disease

Distal intravenous regional anesthesia in the Buffalo limbs

Intravenous regional anesthesia was successfully attempted on buffalo limbs by injecting 2%, 4%, 6% solution of procaine hydrochloride in each of ten healthy buffalos. The duration of anesthesia was 15 minutes, 45 minutes and beyond one hour for each of 2%, 4%, 6% solution, respectively. It was found that the 4% solution of procainehydrochloride gave adequate regional anesthesia for performing operations necessary for the treatment of the common affections of the distal parts of the limb

Sternal pad affections in camels

Affections of the sternal pads of camels are both painful and decapacitating to the animal. Sixteen camels suffering from sternal pad affections were examined and treated. Corynebacterium pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes were isolated as single isolate or in mixed infection from the lesions. Examination of the blood of affected camels showed the presence of microfilariae in five cases, while the remaining cases showed good response to the filaricidal treatment. Both surgical and therapeutic management gave highly beneficial effects as all the dealt with cases did well at a moderately short period