Facile synthesis of insulin fusion derivatives through sortase A ligation

Insulin derivatives such as insulin detemir and insulin degludec are U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved long-acting insulin currently used by millions of people with diabetes. These derivatives are modified in C-terminal B29 lysine to retain insulin bioactivity. New and efficient methods for facile synthesis of insulin derivatives may lead to new discovery of therapeutic insulin. Herein, we report a new method using sortase A (SrtA)-mediated ligation for the synthesis of insulin derivatives with high efficiency and functional group tolerance in the C-terminal B chain. This new insulin molecule (Ins-SA) with an SrtA-recognizing motif can be conjugated to diverse groups with N-terminal oligoglycines to generate new insulin derivatives. We further demonstrated that a new insulin derivative synthesized by this SrtA-mediated ligation shows strong cellular and

Dual antiplatelet therapy does not scare away the erector spinae plane block / 대한마취과학회지

No abstract available.

Qualitative inquiry into the mediating role of religion and spirituality in adjusting marital relationships of infertile women

Despite growing body of literature regarding marital adjustment of infertile women, to our knowledge, there is no study to address the role of religious and spiritual beliefs in adjusting marital relationships in infertile women. Considering the significance of marital cohesiveness and commitment in the long and stressful journey of infertile women, this study was designed to explore how marital relationships are experienced by infertile women who affiliated to different religious faiths. A group of 30 infertile women affiliated to different denominations of Christianity [Protestantism, Catholicism, Orthodoxies] and Islam [Shiite and Sunni] were interviewed. The design was a grounded theory study including semi structured in-depth interviews. Data were collected in one Iranian and two UK fertility clinics through theoretical sampling and analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's mode of grounded theory. Religious infertile women using a religious/spiritual meaning-making framework tried adjust their marital relationships through going the following phases: being optimistic and positive, having supportive relationships, being grateful and appreciated for their marital life, offering spiritual sympathy and adopting religious role models. These strategies aided infertile women to be more understanding, sympathetic and gentle towards maintaining the family cohesion. I argue that awareness of health professionals of the potential ways in which religion and spirituality assist infertile women to deal with their marital issues could be important. This knowledge will help them to support emotional wholeness and integrity of infertile women, offering religious and spiritual coping strategies which can help adjusting their marital relationships

Liquid chromatographic determination of bicalutamide in formulation and biological fluids based on cyclodextrin enhanced fluorescence

A liquid chromatographic procedure was developed for the determination of a new anticancer agent Bicalutamide in plasma using fluorescence detection by using beta-Cyclodextrin as an enhancer. Chromatography was performed using a reversed phase trimethylsilyl bonded silica column with a mobile phase of water: acetonitrile [30:70] at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Detection of the eluted peaks was observed using excitation and emission wavelengths of 272 and 328 nm, respectively. Chromatographic run lime did not exceed 10 minutes with no interference of endogenous material. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 0.1 to 0.35 ug/ml and inter- and intra-assay imprecision was less than 10%. The lower limit of quantitation was assessed at 3.96X10 [-5] microg/ml, 1.01X10 [-4] microg/ml and lower limit of detection was 1.3X10[-5] microg/ml, 3.34X10 [-5] microg/ml in formulation and biological fluids respectively

The HIV vaccine / 中华男科学杂志

The development of a vaccine that can prevent infection by the human immunodeficiency virus or the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome has remained elusive despite 20 years of scientific effort. This review analyzes the reasons that the development of a vaccine has been so difficult, and proposes a plan to work towards an immunological approach to investigating the best vaccine candidates in the first world in individuals who are already infected, before taking the most promising vaccines to the developing world to attempt to prevent infection and disease.

Scorpion sting syndrome- A ten year experience

A 10-year retrospective review was undertaken of patients presenting with "scorpion sting" to the Emergency Department of the King Fahad National Guard Hospital in Riyadh. The purpose of the study was 1] to assess the risk of morbidity and mortality following scorpion envenomation in the Riyadh area; 2] to define patient demographics of the study group and identify high risk groups for systemic toxicity; 3] to develop guidelines for patient management. Four hundred and thirty-four cases were studied. Local pain was the primary presenting complaint [92%]. Systemic toxicity occurred in 25.6% [n=111]. Anxiety-related presentations were the most common systemic symptoms [6%]. Hypertension [17%] and/or tachycardia [4%] were the most common systemic signs. Only four patients [<1%] had signs of serious envenomation requiring admission. There were no deaths. The higher risk groups for systemic toxicity were identified as those with age less than eight years or greater than 30 years, with highest risk in those over 50 years, those with history of hypertension or diabetes, and patients with multiple stings. The great majority of patients can be treated with analgesia, local application of ice, and a period of observation dictated by clinical findings. The use of antivenin should be restricted to patients with signs of serious systemic toxicity only

Macro-and micromorphology of leaf, young stem and stem bark of calycodendron milnei

On the continuation of pharmacognostical study of Calicotome villosa Poir., a macro- and micromorphological study of leaves and stems was presented with the view of finding out the diagnostic characters for identification of these organs in both entire and powdered forms