Evaluation of the antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of marine invertebrates-derived fungi

The present study focuses on the evaluation of the cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activities of the organic extracts of 70 fungal strains associated with twelve Red Sea marine invertebrates. The fungal strains were obtained 10 sponges, one tunicate and one soft coral. Three different media including Sabouraud dextrose agar, malt extract agar and Czapek-Dox agar were used for the purification of the fungal isolates. The purified fungal isolates were cultured in their corresponding media [Sabouraud dextrose broth, Malt extract broth and Czapek-Dox broth] on shaker for 14 days at 26[degree]C. After that, the cultures were lyophilized and the dried cultures were extracted with methanol. The methanolic extracts of these cultures were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activities against three human cancer cell lines including breast adenocarcinoma [MCF-7], liver hepatocellular carcinoma [HepG2] and colorectal carcinoma [HCT-116]. Nine extracts displayed potent and selective activity against MCF-7 with IC[50] 4.96-8.28 micro g/mL without any significant effect on the other two cell lines. In addition, six extracts showed strong and selective activity against MCF-7 with IC[50] 11.37-15.53 micro g/mL. On the other hand, most of the fungal extracts were inactive or weakly active against HepG2 and HCT-116

Role of ginseng as hepatoprotective, antioxidant and anti -inflammatory against methotrexate induced liver injury in rats

Background Ginseng, an ancient and famous medicinal herb in the Orient, has been used as a valuable tonic and for the treatment of various diseases including hepatic disorders. Ginseng extracts and individual ginsenosides have shown a wide array of beneficial role in the regulation of regular liver functions and the treatment of liver disorders

Objective: This study tries to determine the hepatoprotective , antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ginseng on Methotrexate [MTX]-induced hepatotoxicity

Materials and Methods: forty rats [weigh 150-180 g] were used. The rats were kept in animal house for one week and had access to water and food . Temperature was kept at 37 [degree sign]C. After one week, the rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: Group [A] [control] received normal saline ; group [B ]received Ginseng[1.8 ml/kg/day] orally ; group[ C] received MTX [100 micro g/kg] intraperitoneally and group [D] received MTX [100 micro g/kg] intraperitoneally with ginseng [1.8 ml/kg/day] orally. After six weeks, the rats were decapitated and evaluation of liver function was done

Results: Ginseng treatment markedly suppressed the serum alanine aminotransferase [ALT] , aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and serum gama glutamil transpeptidase [?GTP] activiteis . Ginseng was attributed to stimulate anti-oxidant protein contents, such as glutathione peroxidase [GPX]. The marked increase of proinflammatory cytokines [ TNF alpha ] in MTX treated rats group was additionally attenuated by ginseng,

Conclusion: Ginseng effectively prevent liver injury, mainly through down regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response

Acute myocardial infarction with multiple oronary thromboses in a young addict of amphetamines and benzodiazepines

A 35-year-old man of average build and a smoker, with a background of a psychiatric disorder, was brought by his neighbor to the emergency department after an hour of severe chest pain. Upon arrival at the hospital he had cardiac arrest, was resuscitated, and moved to the catheterization laboratory with inferior, posterior, and lateral myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography showed an unusual thrombosis in multiple coronary branches. Toxicology report showed high levels of amphetamines and benzodiazepines in the patient's original blood sample. The patient was kept under ventilation for 18 days, with difficult recovery due to severe withdrawal manifestations, ventilation acquired pneumonia, and rhabdomyolysis inducing acute renal failure. The patient regained near normal left ventricular function after baseline severe regional and global dysfunction. We postulate a relationship between the use of amphetamines, potentiated by benzodiazepines, and occurrence of acute thrombosis of multiple major coronary arteries

Study of cases of 46, XX disorder of sex development [46, XX DSD] with assessment after their early surgical intervention

Background: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [CAH] is the commonest cause of disorders of sex development [DSD] in children. The surgical management of children with CAH has always been difficult, subject to evolving attitudes and techniques, and at times controversial. The timing of surgery is one of the many factors that influence outcomes and is currently controversial

Patients and methods: Our study was conducted on patients of 46, XX DSD referred to pediatric endocrinology clinic in Alexandria University Children's Hospital. We studied the age of these patients at presentation, degree of civilization, presence of adrenal crisis, hormonal assay and radiological findings. We compared the early [done before the age of 2 years] versus late [done after the age of 2 years] surgical intervention done to these patients. We assessed these patients after at least six months of feminizing surgery, the assessment included the genital anatomical assessment, overall cosmetic results and further treatment recommendations

Results: In our study, there were 35 patients with early intervention and 26 patients with late intervention. Good cosmetic results were found more significantly in the early group [94.3%] in comparison to only 19.2% in the late group. Good cosmetic results [97.4%] are found more with the one stage operations

Conclusions: After doing the anatomical assessments, cosmetic results and assessing the need for further treatment recommendations, we can state that early feminizing genitoplasty has better anatomical and cosmetic results than late intervention

Study of thyroid function among obese children attending the pediatric endocrine and obesity clinics in Alexandria university children's hospital

Objective: obesity is considered to be a worldwide health proble with a steadily and dramatically increasing prevalence all over the world. Obese individuals area at high risk of developing dyslipidemia, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance and consequent increase of the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. several studies have reported abnormal thyroid function tests in obese children in which the commonest abnormality is a slightly too moderately increased thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH] levels

Aim of the work: This study aims to assess the thyroid function among prepubertal obese children. Patients and methods: The study was carried on 40 prepubertal obese children attending the Pediatric Endocrinology and Obesity Clinics in Alexandria University Children's Hospital. They were subjected to complete history taking including age, sex, family history of obesity and thyroid disease, organized sports practicing and thorough clinical examination including vital signs, anthropometric measurements, signs suggestive of thyroid dysfunction, presence of goiter and systemic features suggestive of syndrome obesity. The laboratory investigations done were thyroid function tests [TSH, Free thyroxin hormone FT4, Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody TPO] and thyroid ultrasound

Results: A cross sectional analysis of 40 prepubertal obese children [BMI >95 th percentile for age and sex]. Their age ranged from 6-12 years with mean value 8.95 +/- 2.00 years, males were 19 [47.5%] and females were 21[52.5%]. There were 9 cases [22.5%] with elevated TSH and 2 cases [5%] with elevated anti-thyroid peroxidase [TPO] antibodies levels. By ultrasound examination of thyroid gland, none of the obese cases had goiter

Conclusions: Thyroid function tests should be performed in obese children to define their thyroid hormonal status. Subclinical hypothyroidism appears to be the most common disturbance of the thyroid function in obese children. Further studies should be done to identify the effect of weight reduction on thyroid profile in obese children

Polymorphism of toll like receptors 2 and 4 genes and the risk of bronchial asthma

Background: Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic inflammatory respiratory disorders affecting many people all over the world

Objectives: To study the association between single nucleotide polymorphism in genes of TLR2 and TLR4 and the risk of bronchial asthma

Methodology: This study was carried out on 40 patients suffering from bronchial asthma and 20 healthy subjects as a control group during the period from May 2014 to March 2015.The patients were chosen from the Chest Department of Benha University Hospital. Skin prick test [SPT] was done to assess atopic state. Blood samples were taken for detection of TLR gene polymorphism by Polymerase chain reaction -Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism [PCR-RFLP]

Results: Statistical data for the genotypic frequencies in TLR2Arg753Gln revealed that the homozygous [GG] genotype has increased frequency among the controls [80%] as compared to the asthmatic patients [30%]The heterozygous [AG] genotype was more prevalent among the asthmatic patients [62.5%] as compared to the controls [15%] with OR =9.4, 95% CI [2.4-37.7] and significant P-value. Also, the homozygous mutant [AA] genotype has increased trend in the asthmatic patients [7.5%] than in the control subjects [5%], with OR = 0. 6, 95% CI [0.1-6.7] and non-significant P-value Statistical data for the genotypic frequencies in TLR4Asp299Glyrevealed that the homozygous [AA] genotype has increased frequency among the controls [70%] as compared to the asthmatics [20%]. The heterozygous [AG] genotype was more prevalent among the asthmatic patients [65%] as compared to the controls [30%] with OR =4.3, 95% CI [1.4-13.8] and significant P-value

Conclusion: The major allele in TLR 2 and 4 polymorphisms [GG genotype of TLR2 and AA genotype of TLR4] might be generally associated with a protective effect against bronchial asthma

Use of short message service reminders to improve attendance at an internal medicine outpatient clinic in Saudi Arabia: a randomized controlled trial

Non-attendance at outpatient appointments is a major problem. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of sending short message service [SMS] reminders to patients' mobile phones in reducing non-attendance at scheduled appointments. A randomized clinical trial was conducted in 2011 in an internal medicine outpatient clinic at a hospital in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Eligible patients [n = 502] were randomly allocated to receive an SMS reminder of their appointment [intervention group] or no reminder [control group]. The non-attendance rate was significantly lower in the reminder group [26.3%] than the non-reminder group [39.8%]. In multivariate logistic regression, age, sex and nationality did not affect attendance rates but having their first contact with the hospital [OR = 7.40] and not receiving an SMS reminder [OR = 0.56] were significant factors in non-attendance. All patients surveyed about their perceptions of the SMS reminder [n = 76] reported they would like to continue to receive SMS reminders in the future

Mycoplasma duo test versus conventional culture media for detection of ureaplasma in endotracheal aspirates from respiratory distressed premature neonates

This work aimes to evaluate the Mycoplasma Duo kit as a rapid method for detection of ureaplasma in endotracheal aspirate samples from respiratory distressed premature neonates compared to conventional culture media. Also its sensitivity and specificity were determined. This study was carried on 60 premature neonates [less than 35 gestational weeks] suffering from respiratory distress and mechanically ventilated in neonatal intensive care unit.From all cases paired endotracheal aspirate samples were collected aseptically and were transported in ureaplasma transport media to the laboratory and processed immediately. One of each pair of the collected samples was cultured in both Ureaplasma agar and broth cultures and others were cultured in Mycoplasma Duo kit.The number of ureaplasma detected with both ureaplasma agar and broth cultures are 20 cases [33.33%] while those detected by Mycoplasma DUO kit are 22 cases [36.67%].The Sensitivity of Mycoplasma Duo kit compared with both Ureaplasma agar and broth cultures is [100%] and specificity is [95%].There is a highly significant difference [P-value < 0.001] between Mycoplasma Duo kit and Ureaplasma agar and broth cultures as regards the incubation time taken to get a result by both tests

[Enhancement of in-vitro and in-vivo human T lymphocyte activation via cell painting with recombinant chimeric co-stimulatory B7-1:Fc gamma 1 Protein]

T cells express co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces in both normal and pathologic settings; however, the possibility that expression of these co-stimulators may enable individual T cells to co-stimulate themselves has not been investigated. This study aims at assessing the possible potentiation of T cells activation and proliferation both in vitro and in vivo via enforced B7-1 expression on T lymphocytes using a non-genetic approach, i.e. cell painting, that comprises binding of recombinant B7-1 to plasma membrane-anchored palmitoylated protein A. A recombinant chimeric human co-stimulatory B7-1 protein that encompasses the extracellular domain of CD80 [B7-1] fused to the crystal fragment Fc gamma of human IgG antibody was engineered and produced in human kidney cell line 293. Recombinant protein A was chemically palmitoylated and inserted into cell membranes of T lymphocytes highly purified using negative selection. Subsequently, B7-1 Fc gamma 1 was added to protein A-decorated cells allowing its binding via the Fc portion. Quantitative transfer of B7-1 was assessed using flow cytometry, and in vitro proliferation and IL-2 production were measured. Moreover, in vivo engraftment of painted cells was evaluated using the immune deficient mouse model NOD/SCID/B2M K/O. Results from this study demonstrate the feasibility of "cell painting" using a two-step approach to quantitatively transfer palmitoylated protein A and B7-1 Fc gamma to T cells. B7-1 painted T lymphocytes exhibited augmented in vitroproliferation, enhanced IL-2 production, and superior in vivo engraftment. Cell painting technique enables arming T lymphocytes with co-stimulatory proteins that provide second signal inevitable for activation, proliferation, and production of IL-2. These results may pave the way for future applications that include but is not limited to cancer targeted immunotherapy and congenital and/or acquired immunodeficiency. This study was conducted in the laboratories of The School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA, and The National Commission for Biotechnology, Damascus between 2010 and 2012

Evaluation of serodiagnosis of tuberculosis in comparison with traditional methods

Tuberculosis is an enormous tool of morbidity and mortality. The vast majority of tuberculosis patients live in developing countries, where the diagnosis of tuberculosis relies on the identification of acid-fast bacilli on unprocessed sputum smears using conventional light microscopy. Microscopy has high specificity in tuberculosis-endemic countries, but modest sensitivity which varies among laboratories [range 20% to 80%]

Thus, the development of rapid and accurate new diagnostic tools is imperative. Immune-based tests are potentially suitable for use in low-income countries as some test formats can be performed at the point of care .In the present study, the diagnostic value of 16-kDa and 38- kDa mycobacterial antigens was investigated in patients who were diagnosed as open pulmonary tuberculosis. The humoral immune response was analysed in a group of 60 TB patients, and in control group consisting of 15 healthy volunteers and 15 subjects with pulmonary diseases other than TB. The sensitivity, speciflty, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the test were determined at 45%, 93.3%, 93.1% and 45.9%, respectively. In conclusion, the ELISA test has a very good speciflty and an acceptable sensitivity and positive predictive value. It is thought that it could be used in combination with other methods to increase diagnostic accuracy, especially for culture-negative tuberculosis cases, which are difficult to diagnose

meld score a reliable outcome predictor in living donor liver transplantation?

In patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation [OLT], some studies have shown that a higher preopcrative MELD score is associated with higher morbidity and mortality [Saab et aL 2003]. Other studies also suggest that higher MELD scores are associated with increased inlraoperativc risks [Xia et al 2008]. to evaluate the impact of preoperative MELD status on metabolic, electrolyte and haemodynamic changes during living donar liver transplantation, and consequently on outcome and for right choice of candidate who will get greatest benefit from transplantation. After approval iron- ethical committee and a written consent from every patient a prospective observational study including 40 patients scheduled for living donor liver transplantation in Wady El nile hospital. Patients classified according to MELD score into group 1 [Gl] with score <25 and group2 [G2] > 25. Haemodynamic, metabolic and electrolytes data collected during the three phases: pro anhepatic, anhepatic and post reperfusion phase and follow up for 1[st] post operative week then two years mortality. G2 associated with significant intraoperative haemodynamic disturbances in all stages compared to Gl in the form of lower mean arterial blood pressure, lower systemic vascular resistance, higher pulmonary vascular resistance, and higher cardiac output. Also there were more intraoperative metabolic and electrolyte disturbances as there were more acidosis, lower standard bicarbonate values, more base deficits, more negative anion gap and strong ion difference, higher serum potassium level, poor intraoperative glycemic control and much higher blood lactate level. Also there were higher early mortality in G2 8 cases [40%] while 3 cases [15%] in GL 2 years mortality in Gl 5 cases [25%] while 10 cases [50%] in G2,, time of ICU stay was 5.1 days in G1 and 7 days in G2 time of hospital stay was 21.6 days in Gl and 26.2 days in G2 High MELD score patients associated with more intraoperative haemodynamic, metabolic and electrolyte disturbances, longer postoperative ICU and hospital stay and higher mortality

Prognostic significance of high sensitivity C-reactive protein before and after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with angina pectoris

C-reactive protein is an easily measurable acute phase reactant synthesized by hepatocytes in respone to pro-inflammatory cytokines. Elevated CRP has been identified as a strong predictor of prognosis in healthy individuals, in patients with stable angina, in unstable angina and in patients after acute myocardial infarction. The prognostic significance of high sensitivity CRP level in percutaneous coronary intervention is unclear. We prospectively studied 41 patients with chronic stable angina [28 patients] and unstable angina [13 patients] who underwent elective coronary stenting. All patients had normal troponin level before the procedure. Blood samples for hs-CRP were obtained before the procedure, 24 hours and 1 month after the procedure. Mean hs-CRP before the procedure in all patients who underwent PCI was 2.38 +/- 2.21 microg/ml. the mean hs-CRP 24 hours post procedure was 7.43=10.6 microg/ml. The mean hs-CRP after 1 month was 11.8=13.5 microg/ml. there was significant difference between pre procedural hs-CRP and 24 hours post procedural [P=0.007]and there was significant difference between pre procedural hs-CRP and 1 month post procedural [P=0.000]. At follow up period [1 month]. No major adverse cardiac events [MACE] have occurred. However, 24 patients complained of chest pain. There was no significant correlation between either pre-procedural, or 24 hours post procedure hs-CRP and chest pain [r=0.13, 0.2 respectively] Mechanical disruption of atherosclerotic plaque during coronary stent implantation causesasystemic inflammatory respone. We did not find that measuring hs-CRP level pre or post procedural is useful for predicting 30 days cardiac events

effect of aminophylline versus milrinone on ischemia-reperfusion myocardial injury during open heart surgery

Cardioplegic arrest during cardiopulmonary bypass [CPB] is essential for the majority of cardiac surgical procedures; Cardioplegia protects the myocardium by providing continuous or intermittent oxygen while simultaneously reducing cardiomyocyte oxygen demand, but it does not inherently increase the ischemic-reperfusion injury tolerance of the cardiomyocytes. Aminophylline and milrinone by their phosphodiesterase inhibitor and anti-inflammatory activity may decrease this type of injury. This study has been designed to compare between the protective effect of aminophylline and milrinone over the heart during open heart surgery for valve replacement with CPB. Sixty adult patients undergoing elective single valve replacement were randomized to receive aminophylline 5 mg/kg [n=20], milrinone 50 microg/kg [n=20], or normal saline as control group [n=20] through intravenous infusion 10 minutes before the aortic cross-clamping. The cardiac troponin I, inotrope score, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of ICU stay and other hemodynamic variables were measured and recorded. There were no differences between the three groups with regard to clinical variables. Cardiac troponin I raised significantly after declamping in the three groups, however it was significantly lower in aminophylline and milrinone group compared to control group immediately after CPB and after 8 hours with no significant differences between aminophylline and milrinone group, inotrope score duration of mechanical ventilation and length of ICU stay showed no significant differences between the three groups. Administration of aminophylline or milrinone reduces the subclinical myocardial injury with no difference between both agents and with no effect on the hemodynamic parameters or short term clinical outcome in patients undergoing single valve replacement with CPB

Role of rosemary leaves extract as a protective agent against azathioprine-induced toxicity in rats

Rosemary is widely found along the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Its leaves or extract were found to have a high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. It is also used as an antispasmodic, analgesic, anti-rheumatic and expectorant. These actions are mainly due to its content of essential oils. Azathioprine [AZA] is an immunosuppressive drug. It is widely used in many diseases. A major drawback is the occurrence of side-effects, especially acute pancreatitis. This work was done to study the effect of dietary supplement of rosemary leaves as a strategy for amelioration of the side-effects of azathioprine. Thirty-two adult male albino rats were used in this study. They were equally divided into four groups. Group I: control group, group II: rosemary group, the animals were given a daily oral dose of rosemary leaves extract. Group III: azathioprine group, the animals were given a single dose of AZA intraperitoneally. Group IV: rosemary azathioprine group: the rats were given daily doses of rosemary leaves extract then azathioprine in the last day of the experiment as in the previous regimen. The experiment continued for ten days. Blood samples were taken from all groups and examined for tumour necrosis factor alpha, serum amylase enzyme, C-reactive protein and renal function tests [serum urea and creatinine]. Rosemary significantly decreased the levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha, serum amylase enzyme and serum urea and C-reactive protein in rosemary AZA group compared to AZA group. The aqueous rosemary leaves extract has the ability to ameliorate the biochemical pathways of the side-effects of azathioprine, so it is advisable to give it concomitantly to patients treated by azathioprine

effect of aminophylline versus milrinone on ischemia-reperfusion myocardial injury during open heart surgery

Cardioplegic arrest during cardiopulmonary bypass [CPB] is essential for the majority of cardiac surgical procedures; Cardioplegia protects the myocardium by providing continuous or intermittent oxygen while simultaneously reducing cardiomyocyte oxygen demand, but it does not inherently increase the ischemic-reperfusion injury tolerance of the cardiomyocytes. Aminophylline and milrinone by their phosphodiesterase inhibitor and anti-inflammatory activity may decrease this type of injury. This study has been designed to compare between the protective effect of aminophylline and milrinone during open heart surgery for valve replacement with CPB. Sixty adult patients undergoing elective single valve replacement were randomized to receive aminophylline 5 mg/kg [n=20], milrinone 50 -microg/kg [n=20], or normal saline as control group [n=20] through intravenous infusion 10 minutes before the aortic cross-clamping. The cardiac troponin I, inotrope score, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of ICU stay and other hemodynamic variables were measured and recorded. There were no differences between the three groups with regard to clinical variables. Cardiac troponin I raised significantly after declamping in the three groups, however it was significantly lower in aminophylline and milrinone group compared to control group immediately after CBP and after 8 hours with no significant differences between aminophylline and milrinone group, inotrope score duration of mechanical ventilation and length of ICU stay showed no significant differences between the three groups. Administration of aminophylline or milrinone reduces the subclinical myocardial injury with no difference between both agents and with no effect on the hemodynamic parameters or short term clinical outcome in patients undergoing single valve replacement with CPB

Effect of exercise training and vitamins e and c on antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in aging rats

There are many conditions that may affect the antioxidant enzyme activities, as aging and exercise. Moderate regular exercise up-regulate activities of antioxidant enzymes with depressant action on the lipid peroxidation processes, while strenuous exercise have a depressant effect on the activities of antioxidant enzymes with stimulatory action on the lipid peroxidation processes. Glutathione-S transferase [GST] and catalase are the major part of the specific antioxidant enzyme defence system response; malondialdehyde is the major indicator to lipid peroxidation processes which are affected by the exercise. To study the effect of moderate regular exercise and strenuous exercise with and without vitamin E or C supplementation on antioxidant defence system. Fifty six aging male albino rats were used in the present experiment. They were equally divided into seven groups. Group I: control group, Group II: moderate regular exercised group. Group III: strenuous exercised group. Group IV: moderate regular exercised group with vitamin E supplementation. Group V: strenuous exercised group with vitamin E supplementation, Group VI: moderate regular exercised group with vitamin C supplementation. Group VII: strenuous exercised group with vitamin C supplementation. The exercise was performed on a modified manual treadmill and the experiment continued for two months. Peripheral blood samples and muscular tissue samples were taken from all animal groups for estimation of glutathione-S transferase, catalase and malondialdehyde. The moderate regular exercise with or without vitamin E or C supplementation increased the antioxidant enzymes Glutathione-S transferase, catalase and decreased the malondialdehyde in serum and muscular tissue. The strenuous exercise decrease the antioxidant enzymes and increase the malondialdehyde production, while with vitamin E or C supplementation strenuous exercise enhanced the antioxidant enzymes and decreased the malondialdehyde production. The moderate regular exercise enhance the antioxidant defence system and so inhibit the lipid peroxidation production, while the strenuous exercise inhibit the antioxidant defence system activity and increase the lipid peroxidation production. Supplementation with vitamin E or C is essential to enhance the antioxidant defence system activities that decrease lipid peroxidation

Removal of lead from aqueous solutions by xerogel film supported on activated carbon and silica

Carbon xerogel [X], a kind of novel carbon material with low-density and continuous nano-porous structure that can be controlled and tailored on nanometer scale, has been prepared through the sol-gel polycondensation of resorcinol [R] with formaldehyde [F] followed by drying at ambient pressure and carbonization in inert atmosphere. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to find out the effective lead removal at different metal ion concentrations. Removal of lead from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto xerogel film supported on activated carbon and silica has been performed. The removal of Pb ions from aqueous solutions was studied by batch method. The effects of initial metal concentrations, initial pH, contact time and the quantity of adsorbents were investigated. It was found that carbon xerogel supported on activated carbon exhibited the best adsorption potential for removal of lead ions from solutions

Effect of diminazine aceturate on the pharmacokinetic of a long acting oxytetracycline formulation in lactating goats

Oxytetracycline [OTC] and diminazene aceturate are commonly administered to diseased ruminants with mixed bacterial and protozoal infections. We were therefore interested in characterizing the pharmacokinetics of a new long acting OTC formulation after IV or IM administration, and whether concurrent administration of diminazene altered the pharmacokinetics. Ten clinically healthy lactating female Baladi goats were used in a sequential order. Goats received the treatments in sequential order with a 2 week wash out period between each study: 1] a single dose of OTC [30 mg/kg BW] by TV or TM injection in non-treated and diminazine aceturate pre-treated goats [3.5 mg/kg BW] 2 hours before OTC treatment. Blood, milk and urine samples were collected periodically and OTC concentration was assayed using a microbiological method. The extent of protein binding in serum and milk was determined using an in vitro ultra filtration method and assayed using the same method as serum Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that serum OTC concentrations after IV administration could be fit to a two-compartment model, and that pre-treatment with diminazene aceturate increased serum OTC concentrations. Following IV injection [t[0.5] beta] was 25.9 +/- 5.1 and 24.5 +/- 2.7 hours, and [Vd[area]] was 22.0 +/- 0.8 and 23.7 +/- 0.4 L.kg[-1], in non-treated and diminazine pre-treated goats, respectively. The maximum OTC concentration after IM injection [1.25 +/- 0.02 micro g ml[-1] and 1.39 +0.04 micro g ml[-1] was obtained at 1.8 +0.3 hours and 2.4 +/- 0.4 hours in non-treated and diminazine pretreated goats, respectively. Moreover, effective milk concentrations were detected for 24 to 48 h, and effective urine concentrations were detected for 96 to 120 h after IM injection. The LA-OTC formulation was moderately bound to goat serum protein [46.0 +3.2% for OTC alone and 40.0 +/- 2.3% for OTC +diminazine]. The binding of the LA-OTC formulation was lower in milk [29.3 +/- 3.6%] than plasma. We conclude that concurrent administration of LA-OTC and diminazine aceturate alters the serum concentration-time profile and pharmacokinetics of a new long acting OTC formulation and could therefore potentially alter treatment efficacy

Rib exostosis: An incidental finding

We report an 18 year old young man with bronchial asthma presenting with productive cough for one month. His chest radiograph and computed tomography [CT] demonstrated an exostosis of the right first rib, which was an incidental finding not related to his complaint. We report the radiological findings and complications that may accompany rib exostosis

reaction of cyanoacetyl hydrazide with cyclopentanone: synthesis of coumarin, pyridine and thiazole derivatives

This work concerns with studying the reaction of cyanoacetyl hydrazide with cyclopentanone to give the hydrazide-hydrazone derivative 3. The reactivity of compound 3 towards different chemical reagents was studied to give coumarin, pyridine and thiazole derivatives. The antimicrobial evaluation of the synthesized products was studied where most of them showed interesting activities