ABSTRACT
Chitin, which is a linear polymer of N-acetyl glucosamine residues, has been the most abundant polymer in nature after cellulose. In recent decades, Chitinases have received increased attention because of their wide range of applications, especially in biological control against fungi. the isolation of bacilli producing chitinolytic enzymes was performed by collecting 40 soil samples from various regions of Gorgan, northern of Iran. The chitinolytic potential of the isolates was indicated by observation of clear zone in colloidal chitin agar medium. Identification of selected strains was performed by polyphasic taxonomy, and subtler identification and sequensing were carried out by extraction DNA. Antifungal effect was evaluated by well method against Candida albicans [ATCC 10231] Aspergillusniger [ATCC 2029] Aspergi/lu sflavus [IR6] Fusarium oxypomm [PTCC 5115] and Alternaria alternata [PTCC 5224]. Nine colonies of chitinase positive bacillus were isolated on choloidal Chitin Agar [CCA] and five of them had antifungal effect. R6 strain had the highest, and R2 and R3 had the lowest effect on fungi. The 16S rRNA sequence of these isolations in comparison with the known bacteria has 95-97% similarity. Some of the soil bacteria can have antagonestic effects on human and phytopathogenic agents existed in soil
ABSTRACT
Recognizing and using of isolated phytase in the soil microorganisms are paramount importance to produce the Phytase enzyme utilized commercially in different industries. This study was conducted to recognize different bacillus j species which are Phytase producers and detection of the gene that can produce this enzyme. Soil samples were gathered through different parts of mountainous areas. The early isolation of bacillus was carried out in Bacillus Medium Agar. After isolating the bacteria and genome extraction, the responsible gene of enzyme producer recognized and amplified by PCR method. The size of this protein and the optimal production situation in supplemental exploitation such as SDS-PAGE and the enzymatic activity of its size were evaluated. Of 40 samples, one bacterium secreting Phytase enzyme was isolated. This bacterium was sequenced and recognized Bacillus Sobtlis species that is classified in STR Genus. The size of protein phytase produced by this gene was about 45 KD and the enzyme activity at 55 degrees was measured about 5.65 in wavelength of 415 I NM. The phytase gene with the size of 1200 bp was propagated. the microorganisms, in natural conditions, produce Phytase enzyme in limited amount and with the quality appropriate to microorganisms. Thus, isolating the bacilli producing Phytase enzyme and purifying this protein are highly significant
ABSTRACT
One of the most common diseases of keratin tissues is dermatophytosis caused by dermatophyte fungi. Because of being contagious, it has a high prevalence rate in wrestling and body building gyms. This study was designed to evaluate the process of this disease and improve the hygiene of halls. The Samples [N= 540] were obtained from athletes and gyms, and a questionnaire was used to gather information. To identify various specious of dermatophyte, the routine diagnostic procedures, culture media, and supplementary tests were performed. Of samples taken from athletes, 59 wrestlers and 11 body builders suffer from dermatophytosis. Trichophyton tonsurans [%28.81] and Epidermophyton floccosum [%36.36] are the main isolates in wrestlers and body builders. Also the rate of Epidermophyton floccosum [%37.5] is the highest in the samples taken from gym mats and halls. Because of high prevalence of dermatophytosis, pay attention to increase of hygiene and training courses for coaches and athletes are crucially important