ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to determine in vitro crude protein degradation [IVDP] parameters and effective crude protein degradability [EPD] of various feeds using the modified in vitro gas production [GP] technique. Feed samples were alfalfa hay, soybean meal, soybean, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal and fish meal. Rumen fluid was collected before the morning feeding from four rumen fistulated lambs [49.4 +/- 3.5 kg, body weight]. Approximately 90 ml of buffered rumen fluid [BRF], 400 mg of feed samples and carbohydrates [maltose, xylose and starch] at four concentrations [100, 200, 300, and 400 mg] were added to screw-cap bottles. Gas production [ml] and ammonia nitrogen concentration [mg] in each bottle were measured at 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, and 30 h post incubation and IVDP was calculated via estimated intercept of linear regression between GP [as main variable, X] and ammonia nitrogen [as dependent variable, Y] using the linear regression procedure. Feed, time and feed x time interaction had significant effect on IVDP [P<0.001]. Estimated EPD values at the outflow rate of 0.06/h for alfalfa hay, soybean meal, soybean, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal and fish meal were 0.56, 0.77, 0.59, 0.45, 0.50 and 0.38, respectively
Subject(s)
Proteolysis , Nitrogen , Gases , Proteins , In Vitro TechniquesABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Some researchers believe that the treatment with glucose-insulin-potassium [GIK] in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] can reduce the mortality rate. Others, however, contradict this view. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the clinical and paraclinical effects of GIK in STEMI patients
Methods: This triple blind clinical trial was conducted from September 2008 to July 2009 on 72 STEMI patients in the CCU of Vasei Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran. They were assigned through block randomization into standard care or additional GIK infusion [25% glucose, 50 IU of soluble insulin per liter, and 80 mmol of potassium chloride per liter at 1.5 ml/kg/hour]. They were assessed for the number of MACEs [death, reinfarction and serious arrhythmias], plasma concentrations of cardiac enzymes [CK, CK-MB], and left ventricular ejection fraction. The statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS 11.5 using Fisher's exact test, ttest and repeated measurement. P< 0.05 was considered as the basis of significance
Results: MACE rate was 30.3% for GIK and 25.6% for control patients [p=0.66]. There was no significant difference in plasma concentrations of cardiac enzymes between GIK and control patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 39% for GIK and 41% for control patients [p=0.34]
Conclusion: In patients with STEMI treated with streptokinase, GIK therapy offers no clinical and paraclinical effects