relative frequency and histopathological pattern of ovarian masses

Ovarian tumours are one of the major causes of gynaecological problems in females and present marked variation in their histological types. Relative frequency of these lesions is different for Western and Asian countries. This study was designed to find out frequency of various histological patterns of ovarian tumors in patients attending Pathology Department of a teaching institute in Lahore. A retrospective case - series study was conducted on 212 cases of ovarian masses, reported from January 2007 to December 2010. Mean age of the subjects was 35.6 years, ranging from 4 to 80 years. In a total of 212 cases of ovarian masses, 85 [40.09%] were non-neoplastic and 127 [59.91%] were neoplastic. Among neoplastic lesions, 64.57% [82/127] were benign and 35.43% [45/127] were malignant. The commonest non-neoplastic lesion was luteal cyst [38/85] followed by simple serous cyst [30/85]. The commonest benign tumour was dermoid cyst [31/82] followed by serous cystadenoms [20/82]. The commonest malignant tumour was serous cystadenocarcinoma [11/45] followed by mucinous cystadenocarcinomama [9/45]. Neoplastic lesions were more common than non-neoplastic lesions, while benign tumours outnumbered the malignant ones. The commonest benign tumour was dermoid cyst and malignant was serous cystadenocarcinoma. The commonest non-neoplastic lesion was luteal cyst. Among histological types of ovarian tumours, surface epithelial tumours dominated the other types

assessment of coagulation parameters in liver cirrhosis

This study was carried out to assess the haemostatic defects in patients of liver cirrhosis by estimating prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT], plasma fibrinogen level, fibrinogen degradation products [D-dimer], and platelet count. It was carried out at the Department of Pathology, King Edward Medical College, Lahore. A total of 50 patients from all age groups of both gender with cirrhosis of liver were selected from Mayo Hospital, Lahore. All the investigations were carried out by standard procedures. Results were analyzed statistically with appropriate tests of significance. The mean values of PT and APTT were 14 second and 19 seconds longer than the control values respectively. These prolongations were highly significant statistically [p<0.0001]. Thirty-four out of fifty patients showed a serum fibrinogen level lower than normal with the mean value of 1.90 +/- 1.30 g/L The difference from normal value was not significant statistically. All but one patient of cirrhosis, sho wed raised level of D-dimer i.e.>250 ng/ml. Mean platelet count in patients was significantly lower than normal value [p<0.05]. Prolongation of PT and APTT indicates plasma clotting factors deficiency due to impaired hepatic synthesis. Derangements of other coagulation parameters indicate that multiple factors like fibrinolysis, hypofibrinogenaemia, thrombocytopenia, and low grade DIC, all play a role in liver cirrhosis