[Effect of changing position and early ambulation on the bleeding, hematoma and urinary retention in patients with coronary angiography]

Coronary angiography is a routine and gold standard cardiac diagnostic procedure. Patients are restricted to bed rest after the procedure due to potential vascular complications using a femoral approach. Many patients are required to remain on bed rest for up to 24 hours after the procedure. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of changing position and early ambulation on the amount of bleeding, hematoma and urinary retention in patients with coronary angiography. In this clinical trial study 140 patients, which referred to coronary angiography center in Dezfoul-Iran, were randomly divided into four 35-individual groups. The patients in the control group were in supine position for 6 hours without movement. Position change was applied to the first interventional group based on a specific protocol, early discharge was applied to the second interventional group and both early discharge and position changes were applied to the third interventional group. The level of bleeding, hematoma and urinary retention were measured at zero, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours after angiography. The findings were collected using the individual data questionnaire and Kristin Swain's checklist in order to evaluate the level of bleeding and hematoma. There were no significant differences between the four groups in terms of occurrence of vascular hematoma and bleeding. The incidence of urinary retention was non significantly higher in the control group in compare to others. Changing position following angiography speed up patient discharge from hospital

[ comparative study on the myocardial infarction patients' quality of life and healthy people]

Nowadays, the incidence of Myocardial infarction is increasing day-to-day which in turn, it make s various functional, physical and emotional complications in daily living activities of patients after recovery of sever stages of disease. Consequently, the quality of life among these groups of patients is a main concern of all health care providers. Since, treatment results in medicine and nursing is depended on patients' points of view getting, this study was conducted to evaluate quality of life items between post myocardial infarction patients and peer healthy people in order to do necessary comparisons. Using a descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study, fifty post myocardial infarction patients after two months of recovery at 5-Azar hospital of Gorgan city, and fifty healthy people were adopted randomly with considering of matching criteria such as sex, age, social class, and educational level. Using SF-36 questionnaire, 8 items of quality of life were measured according to the respondents' perceptions. Data were analyzed statistically by using SPSS Version … according to parametric and nonparametric [Mann-Whitney U test]. Participants at each group consisted of 64 males and 36 females with a mean age of 57 year-of-old that the majority of them were low literacy, and the majority of women were housewife. The non-parametric analysis [Mann-Whitney U Test] indicated that seven items of quality of life such as Physical Functioning [PF], Role Physical [RP], General Health [GH], Vitality [VT], Social Functioning [SF], Role Emotional [RF], and Mental Health [MH] between these two groups of study were statistically significant [P<0.005]. In case, Bodily Pain [BP] was not significant statistically between two groups of study. The findings indicated despite of curing after myocardial infarction, there is a considerable decrease in the quality of life level of the patients which in turn call for effective follow-up and rehabilitative programs by all of the health care providers such as nurses and physicians

[To compare dialysis adequacy in patient's that referred to Golestan province hemodialysis centers]

Hemodialysis has been used as a replacement therapy in patients with end-stage renal failure for several decades. Insufficient and low efficient hemodialysis increases the mortality rate in the patients. The aim of this study to compare the dialysis adequacy in patient's that referred to Golestan province hemodialysis centers. In this descriptive-comparative study 389 patients that have been underling permanent hemodialysis in eight hemodialysis centers of Golestan province were selected as census sampling method. Demographic date form [7 questions] patient registered dates in dossier according to study purpose [12 questions] were used as date gathering tools. Blood samples obtained before and after hemodialysis. Before starting hemodialysis and five minutes after pump stopping, arterial Blood urea nitrogen [BUN] was measured and then KT/V was calculated according to Daugirdas II formula. Statistical tests such chi-square, one way ANOVA and post hoc Analysis with Scheffe' test were used for data analyses in SPSS 13 environment. Mean of KT/V and URR in the eight hemodialysis centers of Golestan province were 1.33 and 63.22% respectively. Kalaleh hemodialysis center had highest level of KT/V [Mean=1.59] and Aghala hemodialysis center had lowest level of KT/V [Mean=1.03] and this difference was statistically significant [P<0.05]. There was statistically significant correlation between KT/V and hemodialysis time, venous and arterial needle distance, venoarterial needle direction and blood flow rate [P<0.05]. The study showed that, hemodialysis efficacy in this province is near to standard and it could be improved with some considerations such as increasing in hemodialysis time, venous and arterial needle distance and needle distance

Association between ABO blood groups and cardiovascular risk factors in general population of Golestan province, Iran

Cardiovascular disease [CVD] is a common cause of morbidity and mortality. The relationship between ABO blood groups and main risk factors of CVD is unknown. So this study was designed to investigate whether there is an association between ABO blood groups and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy population. In this cross-sectional study, risk factors screening for CVD on 2920 healthy individuals of Golestan province in 2005 were estimated by a questionnaire that aimed to extract information about age, sex, physical activity, smoking, blood group type, weight, height, blood pressure and family history of CVD. Data were analyzed with SPSS 13 and by using Chi Square and ANOVA tests. Out of the total number of 2920, 57.4% were male, 70% inactive, 14% smoker, 25% hypertensive, 23% obese, and 21% had family history of CVD with the mean age of 41.52 +/- 12.317. Blood groups O [32.9%], A [30.1%], B [23.3%] and AB [13.7%] were the most frequent ones, respectively. Amongst cardiac risk factors, it was only the frequency of family history of CVD that varies across different blood groups, and individuals with A blood group reported to have a more frequent family history of CVD as compared with other blood groups. These findings illustrate amongst cardiovascular risk factors only family history of CVD as having a significant correlation with ABO

[Coronary arteries angiography findings of subjects referring to Kosar angiography center in Golestan province, Iran [2008-09]]

Cardiovascular diseases is the first cause of mortality in developed and developing countries. This study was done to determine findings of coronary arteries angiography of subjects referring to Kosar angiography center in Golestan province, Iran. In this descriptive study 5444 patients whome referred to the Kosar angiography center in Golestan province, Northern Iran undervent in this study during 2008-09. Gender, age, ethnicity, body mass index [BMI], cigarette smoking, opium, hypertension and coronary arteries angiography findings were completed for each subjects. Coronary arteries angiography was performed on 5400 of subjects. Data was analyzed by using SPSS-13, ANOVA, Chi-Square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. In this study 52% of subjects were men. 72% of patients were Native Fars. 49.5% of subjects were found to be illiterate. While 92.6% of clients did not reported any history of smoking, 22.5% of subjects were addicted to different opium. The mean BMI was 27.48 and 38.2% of clients reported a history of hypertension. Coronary arteries angiography was performed on 5400 of subjects. Coronary arteries disorders were determined in 3142 of subjects [58.8% males, 41.2% females]. Left anterior descending, right coronary artery, circumflex and obtuse marginal were the most involved coronary arterial branches in positive angiograms, respectively.The most severe failure [47.7%] has been found in left anterior descending artery. Due to high incidence of coronary arteries disease in this region of Iran, it is suggested to design a project to investigate the preventive mearsures of cardiovascular disorders

[ correlation between age, gender and education with obesity in urban population of Golestan province]

Obesity is an undesirable outcome of changes in life style and behavior. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors in population in Urban of Golestan province Iran to facilitate control of obesity related diseases. In this cross-sectional study, 2500 males and 2500 females residents of 17 different cities were selected, using cluster random sampling techniques. Anthropometric measures [height, weight] were obtained with standard methods and the data on social, demographics exercise, smoking and blood group were collected during interviews, using a specifically designed questionnaire. In assessment of obesity, a standard recommended WHO method, based on BMI distribution was used. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 11.5, and the logistic regression model was used to estimate the age adjusted odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval, P-value <0.05 being considered significant. Overall prevalences of obesity and overweight were 25.5% and 38.6% respectively [20.3%, 42.3% for men and 30.7% and 35% for women]. Mean BMI in, female and male subjects was 27.05 +/- 5.05, 27.63 +/- 5.54, and 26.48 +/- 4.44 respectively. In addition, WHR of all subjects was [0.92 +/- 0.1], [females] [0.91 +/- 0.9], males[0.93% +/- 0.11]. The pattern of obesity differed significantly with age in both genders. The results of logistic regression model showed that the odds ratio of obesity was greater, roughly 1.7 times in women, compared with men. The adjusted odds ratio decreased with increasing the levels of education and non smoking [P<0.0001]. The adjusted odds ratio showed no significant difference with occupation, race, blood group and or physical activity duration. The results of this study indicate an increased rate of obesity and overweight in an urban population, obesity in women being 10% higher than in men: Findings, showed that low levels of physical activity and education, gender, and smoking and aging were responsible for obesity

ABO blood groups distribution and cardiovascular major risk factors in healthy population

This study was designed to investigate whether there was an association between ABO blood groups and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy population. In this cross-sectional study, risk factors screening for cardiovascular disease [CVD] on 5000 healthy persons of Golestan Province, northern Iran, in 2005 was estimated by a questionnaire that included age, sex, physical activity, smoking status, blood group type [if they had blood laboratory tests], weight, height, blood pressure and family history of coronary artery disease [CAD]. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 11.5 and by using Chi Square and ANOVA tests. A p-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Amongst 5000 subjects, 2920 had blood laboratory tests and their types of blood group were known. Of the total of 2920, 57.4% were male, 70% were inactive, 14% were smoker, 25% were hypertensive, 23% obese, 21% had family history of CAD and mean age was 41.52 +/- 12.317. Blood group O[32.9%], A[30.1%], B[23.3%] and AB [13.7%], respectively had most frequency. Amongst cardiac risk factors, only frequency of family history of CAD in individual with different blood groups was different [P<0.01] and individual with A blood group reported more family history of CVD versus other blood groups. Amongst cardiovascular risk factors, only family history of CAD had significant relation with ABO