ABSTRACT
Crisis management is a time-critical and collaborative activity that requires rapid assessment and decision- making. This study aims to develop a framework to increase teamwork efficiency by spatio-temporal modeling of human group activities in geospatial information systems. For this purpose, time geography framework was extended with round-robin scheduling and then was integrated in geographic information system environment to manage human activities in a spatio-temporal framework. The proposed framework enjoys the graphical presentation of the tasks to be executed, as well as mathematical modeling of the complex interactions to be managed. To validate the proposed model, activities of an earthquake life-detection team in normal and suggested framework were simulated and assessed. An average improvement of 18.69% [in time and the number of rescuers] was observed using the proposed framework. The suggested framework helps to resolve multidimensional problems in risk management
Subject(s)
Humans , Rescue Work , Geographic Information SystemsABSTRACT
Irregular patterns of precipitations from temporal as well as spatial perspectives not only cause destructions but also waste surface water resources. Hence, controlling surface water and leading the flood to underground stores improve the efficiency of water usage. Selecting appropriate sites for optimal use of water floods is one of the most important factors in recharging underground water tables in dry lands where the agricultural and rangelands are vulnerable. Traditional methods of site selections are, however, time consuming and error prone. This paper attempts to; analyze existing schemes of site selection; introduces an appropriate method of locating flood-spreading sites using Geospatial Information System; implements the strategy in a case study; and scientifically assesses its results. The study area of this research is Samal sub-basin covering 31571.7 ha of Ahrom basin in Boushehr province. In the present research, factors pertain to earth sciences [quaternary units, slope and landuse] and hydrology [runoff infiltration rate and aquifers' depth] are considered. Information layers are weighted, classified and integrated through several models such as boolean logics, index overlay and fuzzy logics. The results are then checked against the existing sites to estimate their accuracy. The results of this research demonstrated that fuzzy logic operators including gamma=0.1, gamma=0.2 and products of fuzzy logics yield the best when compared to control fields and therefore, the models are introduced as the most suitable site selection strategies for flood spreading
Subject(s)
Fuzzy Logic , Water , Maps as TopicABSTRACT
Geographic information provides the basis for many types of decisions ranging from simple path finding, to the sustainable management of environmental conditions. Producing such information is a time consuming and costly endeavor. Data sharing on the web is an avenue to increase the efficiency of the practices. This paper scientifically examines the new emerging technologies namely, internet, geographic markup language [GML], and observation and measurement models, to construct an interoperable repository for air quality sensors measurements. The paper also elaborates on the design and implementation of a web-based air quality information system [AQIS] for the city of Tehran. In-situ sensors measure ozone [O[3]], carbon monoxide [CO], sulfur dioxide [SO[2]], nitrogen dioxide [NO[2]] and particulate matters [PM] in polluted metropolitans. Providing real-time air quality information can improve the decisions of the pertinent environmental organizations. Using GML for encoding sensors observations makes it possible to build an interoperable repository that is independent of platforms and vendors. Providing query possibilities based on monitoring stations, sensor names [pollutants], date and time intervals, and spatial query on the AQIS interfaces are the major functions of this system. Although standardized, it was concluded that the use of GML as data format increases the size of GML document. In addition, the developed system provides no map based results for the clients. Therefore, it is required to be improved by adding more GIS functions