Multidisciplinary approach for evaluation of neurocutaneous disorders in children in Sohag University Hospital, Upper Egypt

Neurocutaneous syndromes [NCS] are a broad term for a group of neurologic disorders that involve the nervous system and the skin. The most common examples are neu-rofibromatosis type 1 [NF-1] and type 2 [NF-2], tuberous sclerosis [TS], Sturge-Weber syndrome [SWS], ataxia telangiectasia [AT], and Von Hippel Lindau disease [VHL]. These disorders are characterized clinically by neurological manifestations such as convulsions, mental retardation and learning disabilities in addition to cutaneous manifestations, and lastly tubers [benign growths found in different organs of the body]. This study aimed to identify clinical, imaging, and neurophysiological profiles of neurocutaneous disorders. Children presented to the Pediatric neurology and Dermatology clinics, Sohag University Hospital who fulfilled the criteria for diagnosis of specific neurocutaneous syndromes were eligible for this study. All studied patients were subjected to thorough clinical history, full clinical examination, developmental assessment, and dermatological examination. Computed tomography of the brain [CT] and electroencephalography [EEG], ophthalmic, and phoniatric evaluation were also done for all children. Echocardiography was done for only twenty children. During the period of the study we diagnosed 27 cases with neurocutaneous disorders, tuberous sclerosis represented the majority of cases as it was detected in 12 cases [44.45%]. The main complaint was convulsions in 19 cases [70.37%], whereas skin pigmentation was detected in 18 cases [66.66%]. Developmental assessment showed that global developmental delay was found in 20 cases [74%]. CT of the brain showed that 15 cases [55.55%] had intracranial calcifications and abnormal EEG findings were detected in 23 cases [85.2%]. 85% of the studied children had various degrees of mental retardation. Echocardiography showed that three cases [15%] had ventricular wall tumor mostly rhabdomyoma Neurocutaneous disorders had multiple clinical presentations and required a team work approach including various specialties in their evaluation and management

[Comparative study between Triage Micro Parasite Panel and Immunofluorescent Assay in diagnosis of Cryptosporidium Protozoan in Sohag Governorate]

The zoonotic intracellular protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium is highly infectious and as low as 30 sporulated oocysts can cause infection in healthy volunteers. Cryptosporidium oocysts are shed in large numbers in the faeces of infected people or animals. cryptosporidium oocysts are resistant to environmental conditions and are able to resist standard disinfection e.g. chlorination of drinking water. Stool samples of 72 persons [9-64 years old] in rural areas of Sohag Governorate, Egypt, attending the out patients clinic of cancer institute of Sohag Governorate [Ministry of Health] and complaining of diarrhoea [immunocompromized patients], were examined for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts using modified acid-fast staining. Only 25 patients stool samples were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts using modified acid-fast staining is time consuming and need expert individual. The sensitivity and specificity of the test are improved by newer tools, such as immunofluorescent assays and antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays which are now commonly used in diagnostic laboratories. Polymerase-chain-reaction [PCR] - based techniques are available as research tests. In the present study the sensitivity of Direct Fluorescent Antibody [DFA] Test [100%] was found to be higher than that of Triage rapid qualitative enzyme immunoassay [EIA] [96%] and the specificity of both tests reached 100% as all members of the control group gave negative results

Aim of the work: Comparison between Triage Micro Parasite Panel and Immunofluorescence Tests in diagnosis of Cryptosporidium protozoan in Sohag Governorate

Comparison of different techniques for the diagnosis of parasitic infections among leukemic children

Acute lymphocytic leukemia [ALL] is a worldwide problem, and it is more prevalent in children. As the chemotherapy is taken, the host defenses are altered and the patient becomes more liable to infection. This study aimed at determining the frequency of parasitic infections among children with ALL in relation to controls, and to evaluate the different techniques used in the diagnosis of these infections. The study was carried out in Alexandria University Children's Hospital at El-Shatby during one year. The study included 117 children with ALL, and same number of immunocompetent children as a control group. Stool, urine, cerebrospinal fluid [CSF], and blood samples were collected and prepared to be examined by different techniques. The overall percentages of parasitic infections were 90.6% and 58.1% among leukemic children and controls, respectively. Microsporidiosis was the most prevalent infection, and Cryptosporidium parvum was the most common coccidial infection. Microsporidium was the only parasite detected in the CSF of leukemic children. The best technique was modified Ziehl Neelsen to detect coccidia, Trichrome stain for protozoa and Quick-Hot Gram-chromotrope stain for microsporidial infection. There was a high percentage of parasitic infections among Jeukemic children, and the results indicate that the combination of many techniques is more likely to be effective in the diagnosis of these infections

Cytokines, lipid peroxide and nitric oxide in Egyptian hepatocellular carcinoma on top of HCV and HBV infection

Many studies have shown the relative roles of hepatitis B and C viruses in hepato-carcinogenesis. The aim of this study is to define the independent and interactive roles of some cytokines namely, TNF alpha , IL-6, IL-1 beta together with NO and TEARS in the genesis of HCC following the infection with such viruses. Blood samples were taken from 58 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and were divided into four groups: a] 28 patients with HCV, b] 10 patients with HBV, c] 11 patients with B+C, d] 9 patients without viral infection. In addition, 20 healthy subjects served as control group for each, TNF alpha , IL-6, and IL-1 beta were measured using ELISA technique, in addition to NO and TBARs using chemical methods. Patients with coinfection B-C viral infection showed the highest levels in studied parameters. Patients with HCV and HBV separately showed more or less similar results. However, patients without viral infection showed the least higher levels comparing to the control group. Cytokines in addition to NO and TEARS have a definite role in hepatic carcinogenesis. Coinfection with the two viruses carries a synergistic risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma development. Depending on the results of the studied parameters HCV did not show predominancy on HBV. Further studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanism of carcinogenesis especially in HCV patients

Prevalence, risk factors and impacts of schistosomal and intestinal parasitic infections among rural school children in Sohag governorate

Parasitic diseases represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood in most parts of the world. Hygiene and play habits make children especially vulnerable to schistosomal and parasitic infections. The aim of this study is to define the prevalence of different types of parasitic infections, to define their risk factors and to determine their impacts on health and scholastic absenteeism and achievement of rural school students in Sohag Governorate, Egypt. A cross-section, analytical study design was chosen to perform this research on 960 rural school students. All the students were interviewed and examined clinically and laboratory. The study showed that 38.5% of the students were infected by parasites. Entaemoeba histolytica, Enterobius vermicularis and Giardia lamblia had the highest percentages, 20.4%, 16.6% and 15.2%, respectively. Male sex, last birth order, poor personal hygiene, low socioeconomic level, >/=3 infected siblings, previous parasitic infections and no early consultation for therapy were important risk factors [ORs=1.41, 2.32, 2.63, 2.86, 4.17, 9.80 and 10.83, respectively]. Also, 29.2% and 31.6% of infected students were below the 5th percentiles as regard weight-for-age and height-for-age, respectively. Anemia was present among 52.4% of infected students. Further, 3.2% of them had hepatomegaly. Also, 37.8% and 41.1% of infected students had 0-3 and 4-6 days/month absent, respectively, while, 34.3% of infected students had a scholastic achievement <50.0%. Improving personal and environmental hygiene and regular screening, treatment and health education for students as regard parasitic infections in Egypt is recommended

[Prevalence and risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women of Isfahan, Iran]

There are limited studies concerning the prevalence of gestational diabetes [GDM] in Iran. This study was performed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for GDM in Isfahan, and to compare the results of selective and universal GDM screening methods. In a cross - sectional study conducted between June 2003 and March 2005, GDM universal screening [based on the Carpenter and Coustan criteria] was done for pregnant women between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, referred to the Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center; 1112 pregnant women with no history of diabetes underwent 50 gr glucose challenge test [GCT]. Cases with blood sugar >/= 130 mg/dL were considered positive and underwent a 3-hour, 100 gr glucose tolerance test [OGTT]; this was also done randomly in some of negative GCT cases. OGTT was performed in 245 GCT - positive cases and 130 women with negative G.C.T, GDM was diagnosed in 67 and 6 women respectively, showing a total prevalence of 6.76% for GDM. Of all pregnant women, 23.2% were classified as a low-risk group, including only 2 diagnosed cases of GDM [2.7% of all GDM cases]. Among risk factors, only age, pre-pregnancy BMI and gravidity were significantly correlated with GDM. There is a moderate prevalence of GDM in Isfahan; a selective GDM screening method seems to be more appropriate for this community

Annual and perennial weed control in citrus orchard

This study was carried out during two successive seasons 2003 and 2004 on Washington Navel orange trees grown in a private orchard at Sendpes, Kalubia Governorate to study the effect of some weed control treatment on annual and perennial weeds and the productivity of Washington Navel orange. The tested weed control methods were: the herbicide Fluzifo-butyl at 2 L/feddan, IL/feddan and Fluzifop-butyl+4 kg urea/feddan], two types of mulch i.e., synthetic mulch [black polyethylene] and organic mulch [straw] as well as twice hand and mechanical hoeing treatment. Comparing with unweeded control. All weed control treatments revealed a significant depression in fresh weight [f.w.] of annual, perennial and total weeds of application as compared with control. The highest reduction values in [f.w.] were significantly obtained by black polyethylene and straw mulching treatments followed by twice hand hoeing treatment. All weed control treatments gave high significant increase in the fruit weight and yield as compared with control treatment

Epidemiological and clinicopathological study of childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in Sohag-Egypt

To study the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological parameters of childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in Sohag. This is a prospective cohort study conducted at Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Sohag University Hospital from Sept.2004 to March 2006. All patients with newly diagnosed nephrotic syndrome were eligible to this study. In addition to full history and clinical examination all patients were subjected to urine analysis, urinary albumin creatinine ratio, serum albumin, serum cholesterol and triglycerides, kidney function tests and complement [C3]. All patients received the conventional treatment of nephrotic syndrome [oral prednisolon 2 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses for one month]. If the patient is respond the total daily dose of prednisolon was given as a single dose with breakfast every other day for 6 months]. If the patient do not show any response despite one month of daily treatment we did a renal biopsy. Patients who responded but have frequent relapses were also subjected to renal biopsy. A total of 134 children [84 males: 50 females] with nephrotic syndrome were enrolled into this study. Their mean age was 8.4 years +/- 1.8. Male to female ratio was 1.7:1. 110 patients [82.1%] showed initial response to steroid [steroid sensitive]. On follow up of these patients 28 patients [25.5%] had no relapse, 34 patients [30.9%] had infrequent relapses, 39 patients [35.5%] had frequent relapses, and 9 patients [8.2%] became late steroid non responders. 24 patients [17.9%] show resistance to steroid from the start [steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome]. Steroid dependency noted in 57 patients [51.8%] of all categories. 47 patients have been subjected to renal biopsy: 25 patients [53.2%] have Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis [FSGS], 11 patients [23.4%] have minimal change nephrotic syndrome [MCNS], 9 patients [19.1%] have mesangioproliferative [MPGN], and 2 patients [4.3%] have membranous glomerulonephritis [MGN]. Nephrotic syndrome is common in our locality. Clinical aspects and rate of response to treatment of our patients are similar to published studies. However our patients are different in histopathological aspects. Renal biopsy is an important, safe, and an accurate method for the diagnosis of selected cases of nephrotic syndrome

Mitochondrial mutation in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Mitochondrial gene mutation plays a role in the development of diabetes mellitus. An A to G substitution at base pair 3243 in the mitochondrial tRNAleu[UUR] gene [mt3243] is commonly associated with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness and other diseases. The aim of this study is to detect A to G substitution at base pair 3243 in mitochondrial RNAleu[UUR] in the plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to evaluate insulin sensitivity in all cases. This study, included 41 patients [Group I, 31 cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus and maternal history of diabetes mellitus-and Group II, 10 cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus, bilateral SNHL, maternal history of diabetes mellitus with or without SNHL. Other10 healthy control group was included. Patients and controls were subjected to full medical history and clinical examination. Serum measurements for liver and kidney function tests, fasting and postprandial blood glucose as well as C-peptide levels, in addition to lipid profile were collected. Audiological evaluation for all patients with SNHL was also done. Genetic investigation, for mDNA analysis, done by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism [PCR-RFLP], to determine the mutation in the mitochondrial gene at position 3243. Results of the study showed that glycemic indices [FPG, 2hPPG and HbA1c], liver enzymes and blood urea were significantly higher among patient group compared to control group [P<0.05]. There was no significant difference for values of creatinine and uric acid between cases and controls. Lipid profile was significantly higher among patient group compared to controls [P<0.05], except for HDL-C which was higher in controls however, it did not reach statistical significance. C-peptide values were not significantly different between studied groups. Age at onset of diabetes was relatively earlier in group II than group I. mDNA was present in all plasma samples of patients and controls. mDNA 3243 mutation was detected in the plasma of three patients with diabetes and SNHL with a rate of 7.3% of all diabetic patients and 30% of diabetic patients associated with deafness. The presence of mDNA mutation allowed 294 bp product to be cleaved into 180 and 114 bp fragments and were seen as two bands. The A 3243 G mutation is present in Egyptian population and is considered as a cause of maternally inherited diabetes and deafness at a rate of 7.3% of all diabetic subjects and a rate of 30% of diabetics associated with deafness. mDNA mutation is present and detectable in plasma. Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness differs pathophysiologically from the more common forms of type 2 diabetes in that, insulin resistance does not seem to be a major factor

TNF-alpha [-308], IL-10 [-1082] and IL-1Ra [VNTR] gene polymorphism in leprosy cases from the Nile Delta region of Egypt

This study examined the genotype frequencies of three promoter polymorphic sites in the TNF-alpha, IL-10 and IL-genes as well as IL-1Ra VNTR in leprotic patients to investigate whether the genetic regulation of their production could be implicated in leprosy pathogenesis and prognosis. DNA from 47 leprotic patients and 42 healthy controls, all from Gharbia, Egypt, were examined with the polymerase chain reaction in a case-controlled study. The polymorphic sites in genes of the TNF-alpha at position -308, IL-10 at position -1082 and IL-6 at position -174 as well as 86-base pair variable number tandem repeat within intron 2 of the IL-1Ra gene were determined. It was speculated that there is a complex interaction between cytokine gene polymorphisms and phenotypic iversity of cells network that contribute to the host defense

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: surgical or medical treatment?

Surgical treatment is the gold standard method for treatment of infantile pyloric stenosis. Surgery, however, is not without risks. Medical treatment with atropine was introduced long time ago and seems to be an attractive alternative to surgery. To treat infantile pyloric stenosis medically or surgically is still a controversial area. To test whether medical treatment is as effective as surgery in treatment of infantile pyloric stenosis and to determine which infant is suitable for either modality. 28 infants with infantile pyloric stenosis were included in this study. In all infants the diagnosis was confirmed by an abdominal ultrasound and gastrographin study. Medical treatment consisted of intravenous atropine 0.01 mg/kg /dose every 4 hours followed by oral atropine 0.02 mg/kg/dose every 6 hours. Surgical treatment consisted of standard Ramstdt's pyloromyotomy under general anesthesia. 14 infants were treated medically and 14 infants were treated surgically. Medical treatment was successful in 8 infants [66%] whereas surgical treatment was successful in all cases [p <0.002]. Mean hospital stay was 10 +/- 2 days in medically treated infants and it was 3 +/- 1 days in surgically treated infants [P<0.0001]. In our Hospital, surgical treatment is superior to medical treatment in cases of infantile pyloric stenosis. However the encouraging success rate of medical treatment may justify trying it in infants waiting for surgery or in infants in whom surgery is contraindicated

fungi recorded in imported feed samples with reference to control of T-2 toxicosis by antioxidant substances in chicks

Fifty samples of imported animal feed were evaluated for fungi and their toxins contamination. Nine genera and eight species of mould were isolated. The genus Mucor and Penicillium [66% and 65%] were predominantly isolated, followed by Aspergillus [40%]. Fusarium [20%] and Cladosporium [14%]. Belonging to genus Aspergillus, A. flavus was frequently isolated [28%] but F. graminearium was obtained only from 10% of Samples. Species of Rhizopus, Scopulariopsis and Alternaria were yielded from 4, 2 and 2% of samples respectively, T2-toxin [member of trichothecene] was detected in 30% of these samples with the mean amount of 60 ppb and aflatoxin in 20% with the mean amount of 3, 4 ppb, whereas ochratoxin A was gained from 14% of samples with mean level of 2.2 ppb, but Zearalenon and Fumonisin B[1] toxins were found in 6 and 2% with mean level of 22 and 70 ppb respectively. The induction of T-2 toxicosis in the broiler chickens and their elimination by dietary Vitamin E and/or selenium revealed that T-2 toxicosis significantly decreased the concentration of serum total protein, albumin and beta globulin and increased alpha and lambda globulins. Levels of total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol and copper were significantly increased and levels of zinc, vitamin A and E were decreased. The groups of chicks given vitamin E and/or selenium in the T-2 toxic diet showed general improvement in most of biochemical findings which were altered due to T-2 toxicosis, where the levels of alpha, beta and lambda globulin were increased and a significant decrease in levels of total lipid, triglycerides and cholesterol were obtained. Also, the treatment of toxicated chicks with selenium and/or Vit. E produced significant alteration in levels of Vit. A and E, copper, zinc and sodium. The antioxidant effect of Vit. E and/ or selenium reduced the toxic effect of T-2 toxin but not inhibit it

Influence of sowing depth paraquat herbicide and solarization on seed germination of some winter and summer weeds

Two experiments were conducted in pots in 1998 and 1999 seasons to determinethe influence of seed depth on seedling emergence of wild oat, burcloverand pig weed with and without paraquat; seed depth and soil solarization onseed germination of purslane, field sandbur and jimson weed. Results of thefirst experiment showed that increasing sowing depth from 1 to 12 cm reducedgermination rate percentage after 6 weeks from sowing by 54.0 and 48.3 forwild, 51.5 and 59.0 for burclover, and 65 and 58.5 for pigweed in 1998 and1999 seasons, respectively. The germination rate of wild oat and burcloverwas higher than pigweed. Increasing depth from 1 to 12 cm plus paraquat[0.200 kg a.i./fed.] application significantly decreased germinationpercentage as compared with control. The highest reduction was clear inpigweed after three weeks from sowing. Results of 2nd experiment indicated thatgermination rate of purslane was higher than field sandbur and jimson weedafter three weeks of sowing at 1 cm depth. Purslane field sandbur and jimson seeddid not germinate at 1 and 3 cm depth + solarized treatments after three and sixweeks from sowing in both seasons

Community-based injury survey in a rural area in Ismailia, Egypt. Is it a safe community?

A community-based survey was conducted in a rural area in Ismailia to find out the prevalence, etiology, the outcome and burden of injuries. In addition whether the surveyed area was considered a safe community or not was investigated. This survey is a part of a Multicentre hospital-based and community-based International Clinical Epidemiology Network [INCLEN] injury cluster study conducted in Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, and Egypt.All households were visited with listing all individuals in each household using a specific form. The participants were the individuals who had injuries in the last 6 months. A questionnaire composed of two parts was used to collect data about the household characteristics, some of the inhabitants' characteristics like age, gender type, alcohol and substance abuse and their perception of their community regarding safety. The second part of the questionnaire included the details of the injury event, type, cause, outcome, time and place of occurrence, who intervene and the burden of injury event on the individual and family.The number of the surveyed households was 1951 and the number of the inhabitants was 9920, 52.7% of them were males. Two thousands and 155 injury events were reported with a mean age in years 25.4 +/- 17.1. Unintentional injuries represented 98.4% of the injury events. The injury events [n=2155] ended by death [1.5%], disability [11.5%] and by recovery [87%]. Injury events among males represented 52.7% of the injury events. Home was the place of injury events in 52.4 percent. The police case was opened in 3.3% of the injury events. A bystander was the one who helped the injured persons in case of 42.8% of the events. Traffic injuries, fall, burn, cut/stab wounds, gunshot, blunt injury, poisoning, drowning and animal bite represented 11%, 26.3%; 10.8%, 38.9%, 0.3%, 7.0%, 2.2%, 0.1%, and 2.4% respectively out of the 2155 injury events. The family needed to borrow money to take care of the injured persons in 6.6% of the injury events. There was a statistically significant relationship between borrowing money by the family and the outcome of injury events [X[2]=346.3, p<0.05]. Among the respondents [n=1951], 98.6%, 83.2%, 92.4% and 97.2% felt safe on walking during the day, night, planned to stay in the surveyed area, and had deep feelings of commitments to their neighbors respectively. In the surveyed area blunt injuries and fall related injuries were the most frequent causes of injuries in the surveyed area. Males were more prone to all causes of injuries except burn and cut/ stab wounds than females. The surveyed community was perceived as a safe community by most of the respondents. Involvement of people at all levels is needed to solve the injury problem

Urinary glutathione transferase [G.S.T]: a marker for post transplant cytosporine A induced renal tubular lesions

In this study, 50 renal transplant patients [RTx] and ten normal controls were investigated for the urinary GST-pi levels. All RTx were on cyclosporine A and were classified according to the duration of post transplant into group I [11 patients], group II [23 patients], group III [nine patients] and group IV [seven patients]. The data showed a significant increase of GST pi in RTx compared with the controls. RTx subgroups showed a significant increase in GST compared with the controls. Comparing RTx subgroups together showed nonsignificant changes in GST between GI and GII, GIII and GIV despite a significant decrease in CyATL and nonsignificant changes in SCr

Chronic bronchitis, work - related respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function among a group of welders in Zagazig area

A cross - sectional study was conducted to determine the respiratory effects of welding exposure. Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory functions were studied in 79 welders exposed to welding fumes and 90 non - welders as a control group. Both groups were matched for age, sex, height and smoking habits. Response to a standardized respiratory symptoms questionnaire, spirometry and across-shift changes in ventilatory function were compared. The results showed that, chronic bronchitis was more frequent in welders [21.5%] than in non - welders [6.7%]. Multivariate analysis revealed that current smoking as well as exposure to welding fumes for more than ten years were likely to be associated with chronic bronchitis. The report of any work-related respiratory symptoms such as dry cough, phlegm production, chest wheeze, dyspnea and chest tightness was significantly higher in welders [48.1%] when compared with non - welders [11.1%]. Multivariate analysis identified only long duration of welding exposure as the main risk factor for reporting these symptoms. Ventilatory lung function testing demonstrated significantly diminished forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV[1]] and mid - expiratory flow rate [MEFR] compared with control values. In the across - shift study. FEV[1] was significantly declined over the work exposure to welding fumes. In conclusion, this study indicates that exposure to welding fumes was associated with chronic bronchitis, work-related respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function impairment. These manifistations mostly related to cigarette smoking and long duration of exposure. So. more efforts should be done to persuade welders to stop smoking. Improving the work environment and proper use of respiratory protective devices can reduce the respiratory health hazards of occupational exposure to welding fumes

Effect of some herbicides on cow pea plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizohia

Two field experiments were conducted [during 1996 and 1997 seasons] to investigate the effect of the herbicides; dinitramine, fluazifop-butyl and paraquat at a rate of 1.0 l/fed. on cowpea plants inoculated with Rhizobium and/or arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi [Glomus sp.] in a clay loam soil. All herbicides + rhizobia + AM fungi treatments showed significant increase in all growth characters of cowpea plants after 60 days from sowing as well as pod length, weight of green and dry pods per plant and weight of 100 seeds at harvest compared to unweeded control. Nodulation significantly increased on cowpea plants inoculated with rhizobia and AM fungi singly or in combination with different herbicides used compared to nodulation of plants grown on unweeded plots and inoculated with rhizobia or AM fungi singly or in combination. Application of the different herbicides significantly decreased mycorrhizal spore numbers in all treatments expected treatment inoculated with rhizobia singly and application of dinitramine. However, no significant was found in mycorrhizal root colonization between all treatments

Intrapleural bleomycin in the management of malignant pleural effusion

This retrospective study included 20 patients with malignant pleural effusion [MPEs], from breast and bronchogenic carcinoma who attended at NEMROCK over one-year period [1995-1996]. All patients underwent simple aspiration followed by intrapleural instillation of 60 mg bleomycine dissolved in 100 ml saline that would be repeated 2-3 times. The overall response rate was 70%. 60% had complete remission, no response was observed in 30% of the cases. The procedure is convenient and safe with low toxicity, requiring no hospitalization and can be given to immunocompromised patients and those who are under systemic chemotherapy

Bacteriological and histopathological finding in chronic tonsillitis

This study is on the bacteriological and histological finding of chronic tonsillitis, carried on tonsils removed at surgery from 20 patient during the end of the year 1994. The selection was randomly done on patients who have been listed for tonsillectomy in E.N.T. department at Al-Shaheed Adnan hospital. The bacteriological finding was variable, ranging from non pathogenic flora to most common pathogenic bacteria, the B- haemolytic streptococci. The histological finding reveled cryptitis, deep seated microabsceses, round cell infiltration [macrophage] and fibrosis, which has been found at different levels of the tonsillar structure

Mycological studies on hard [roume] and skim milk soft cheese [kariesh] with quantitative evaluation of the existing mycotoxins

Thirty samples of hard cheese and 28 samples of skim milk soft cheese collected randomly from different locations in Cairo and Giza governorates. The most common yeasts types are mycotoxins