Gender differences in the risk of coronary artery disease in Iran

Given gender differences in the risk of coronary artery disease [CAD], the present study sought to investigate these dissimilarities amongst patients who underwent angiography at a major, tertiary heart hospital in Iran. Between 2005 and 2010, 44,820 patients who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled in a registry. Pre-procedural data such as demographics, CAD risk factors, presenting symptoms, and laboratory tests, as well as post-procedural data were collected. The data were, subsequently, compared between the men and women. Out of the 44,820 patients [16,378 women], who underwent coronary angiography, 37,358 patients [11,995 women] had CAD. Amongst the CAD patients, the females were not only significantly older, less educated, and more overweight than were the males but also had higher levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and fasting blood sugar [P< 0.001]. Of all the risk factors, hypertension and diabetes mellitus showed the strongest association in our female CAD patients [OR=3.45, 95%CI: 3.28-3.61 and OR=2.37, 95%CI: 2.26-2.48, respectively]. Acute coronary syndrome was more prevalent in the men [76.1% vs. 68.6%, P< 0.001], and chronic stable angina was more frequent in the females [31.4% vs. 23.9%, P< 0.001]. With respect to post-procedural recommendations, the frequency of recommendations for non-invasive modalities was higher in the females [20.1% vs. 18.6%, P< 0.001] Hypertension and diabetes mellitus had the strongest association with CAD in our female patients. In the extensive CAD patients, medical treatment was recommended to the women more often

[The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and factors affecting it among medical students]

Irritable bowel syndrome [IBS] is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders that is encountered by primary care physicians and specialists. This disorder affects approximately 15% to 20% of the general population. Also this is the second cause of drug consumption and absence from workplace. These patients frequently refer to different physicians that cause an increase in cost and time loss. We can decrease the signs and symptoms of patients with correct diagnosis, assurance of the patients and appropriate treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of IBS symptoms in medical students in this center. This study is cross-sectional and the method of sampling is convenience of nonprobability. After collection of data and analysis, the state of investigated population, comprising of 197 students, on the basis of; age, sex, marital status, living place, was as follow: 40.8% were above 25 years, 73.1% were male; 71.9% single, 74.9% resided in student dormitory. Results suggest that in general, 17% of medical students have got symptoms of IBS on the basis of diagnostic criteria of Rome significant. Statistical relationship was achieved between IBS frequency and sex [P<0.05]. 20.2% of men and 8.2% of women were patients in this study. But there was no statistical significant relationship between IBS frequency between aging group, marital status, and living place. Also there wasn't meaningful statistically relationship between IBS frequency and dysmenorrhea in women [P>0.05]. On the basis of multiple logistic regression analysis, Relative Risk for IBS involvement in men, age more than 25 years, single and living in dormitory with 95% confidence interval was 3.23 [1.01-10.39], 2.79[0.96-8.07], 0.30 [0.10-0. 93] and 2.07 [0.65-6.63]., As a consequence, the frequency of IBS in medical students was similar to the prevalence of IBS in the general community. More prevalence of IBS in male students can be due to sociocultural factors and different stresses between the two groups