effect of mixed live vaccines of newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis on systemic and local antibody responses in chickens

In the present study, 360 male day-old broiler chicks were used to determine the effect of mixed live vaccines of Newcastle disease [ND] and infectious bronchitis [IB] on serum and local antibody responses to IB. Chicks were randomly divided into 12 treatment groups of 3 replicates and reared for 40 days on floor pens. Groups 1 to 5 received mixed ND and IB vaccine. Groups 7 to 11 received IB vaccine alone and regarded as positive controls. Group 6, that received ND vaccine only, and group 12, that received no vaccine, were considered as negative controls. Antibody titer against IB in the nasal washings and sera was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]. The chickens were inoculated with IB live vaccine [strain HI 20] with or without ND live vaccine by means of an eye dropper. Serum samples obtained on the 19th and 29th day of age and serum samples, as well as nasal washings, collected on day 40, were used to determine systemic and local antibody responses to IB. On the 40th day of age, tracheal samples were also collected to study the probable pathologic lesions due to the effect of live vaccines used. There was no significant difference in systemic antibody response [SAR] among all groups measured on the 19th day. On the 29th and 40th day of age, SAR of the negative control groups was significantly [P<0.05] different from those received IB vaccine. On the 40th day, nasal washings showed higher antibody titer as compared to the systemic antibody titer [P

Quality improvement programme for diabetes care in family practice settings in Dubai

A continuous quality improvement programme for the care of registered diabetes patients was introduced in 16 government-affiliated primary health care centres in Dubai. Quality improvement teams were formed, clinical guidelines and information systems were developed, diabetes nurse practitioners were introduced and a team approach was mobilized. Audits before and after the introduction of the scheme showed significant improvements in rates of recording key clinical indicators and in their outcomes. For example, the proportion of patients with glycosylated haemoglobin levels < 7% increased from 20.6% to 31.7% and with LDL cholesterol < 100 mg/dL increased from 20.8% to 33.6%. Mean systolic blood pressure of registered patients fell from 135.3 mmHg to 133.2 mmHg

[Morphological and histometrical study of normal adrenal gland in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep]

Comparison of dimensions and cortical zones of left and right adrenal glands in Lori-Bakhtiari sheep. Descriptive study. One hundered pairs of adrenal glands of Lori-Bakhtiari sheep. One hundered pairs of normal adrenal glands were collected in two age groups [6 month to 1 year and 1- 1.5 years old] from Shahrekord abattoir. After collecting the glands and weighing them, some parameters such as: length, wide and thickness of them were measured by caliper device. For histological studies, after tissue preparation and H and E staining, cortical zones and medullae of glands were recognized. The size of zones were determined by micrometry. Values of left and right adrenal glands and two ages were analyzed. T-student test. There was a significant difference between dimensions of left and right adrenal glands. The mean weight and length of left adrenal gland was greater than the right. In 6 month to 1 year group the mean wide of right adrenal was greater than left and there was a significant difference between them. These Findings were in contrast to 1-1.5 years old group. All of measured parameters in 1- 1.5 years group were larger than 6 month to 1 year group [P<0.001]. Histological studies revealed that, there was a significant difference in size of zona fasiculata between left [2766.66 +/- 144.33 micro m] and right [3450.00 +/- 43.30 microm] adrenal glands in 1- 1.5 years group. In Lori-Bakhtiari sheep, dimensions of left adrenal gland was greater than the right one. The size of zona fasiculata in right adrenal gland was greater than the left one in 1-1.5 years group and the difference was significant [P<0.05]

Effects of isoproterenol on weight and cell structure of parotid and submandibular salivary glands in stray dogs

Isoproterenol is a sympathomimetic agent that has been used for treatment of cardiac and respiratory diseases such as atrio-ventricular block, cardiac arrest and asthma in human and animals. Isoproterenol stimulates Beta adrenergic receptors in secretory units of salivary glands and causes increasing of salivation and histomorphological changes in short and long terms, respectively. Twenty adult female stray dogs were used as control and treatment groups. Chronic treatment ofisoproterenol with dosage of 0.3 mg per kg [19.9 +/- 1.4 kg bw] for 20 days revealed remarkable changes on weight of the parotid and submandibular salivary glands. In treatment group, histomorphological changes in submandibular gland were more clear than parotid and its mean weight from 8086 +/- 172 mg increased to 18587 +/- 379 mg. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of secretory units in the submandibular gland were also detectable. As a result, the histomorphological differences that have been seen in this research between parotid and submandibular salivary glands can be related to type of receptors of secretory units