Anatomical and histological study of molar salivary gland in domestic cat

The gross and microscopic anatomy of the molar salivary gland of the domestic cat was studied. In this research, five pair of molar glands from five male adult cats were used. In cat, the molar gland was elongated rectangle shape and was located obliquely in the submucosal fossa of the inferior lip, near the oral commissure. The dorsal border of the molar gland was attached to the masseter muscle and posterior facial nerve. The ventral border was located in the angle of the anterior and transverse facial veins near the buccal part of the buccinator muscle. The caudal end of the gland neighboring the anterior facial vein and cranial end was close to the transverse jugular vein. The mean length and width of the left gland were 11.5 +/- 0.3 mm and 3.4 +/- 0.3 mm, respectively. The mean length and width of the right gland were 9.2 +/- 0.8 mm and 4.1 +/- 0.8 mm, respectively. The mean length of the left gland was larger than the right and the difference was significant [P<0.001]. In the histological findings the molar gland was surrounded with a dens irregular connective tissue capsule. The septa of the connective tissue from the capsule extended into the gland, dividing the organ into lobes and lobules. The secretory cells made up seromucous units and the mucous cells were predominant. The cells were arranged as compound tubuloacinar type. Most of the tubular units were long and branched, and there were no intercalated or striated ducts

Morphology and morphometrical study of hamster middle ear bones

The objective of the current study was to determine the anatomical features of the auditory ossicles in hamster. Twenty temporal bones from 10 adult hamsters, weighing 275-300 g were used. After dissecting them, the features of the ossicles were assessed with an ocular micrometer and photographed by a stereomicroscope. Finally, all data were evaluated and analysed using the Sigma Statt software. The auditory ossicles were three bones: the malleus, the incus, and the stapes. The lenticular bone was a distinct bone, articulated with the tip of the long crus of incus. The malleus had an average length of 2.87 mm. In addition to head and handle [manubrium], the malleus had two distinct processes; lateral and muscular. The rostral process was unclear and appeared not developed. The incus had a total length of 1.18 mm. It had long and short crura, the long crus better developed than the short one. The lenticular bone was a round bone that articulated with the long crus of the incus. The stapes had a total length of 0.77 mm. It had a large stapedial base with anterior and posterior crura. The posterior crus was larger than the anterior one. The hole in stapes [obturator foramen] was very large and triangular in shape

Morphological and histological study of superior lacrimal gland of third eyelid in camel [Camelus dromedarius]

In this study ten pairs of superior gland of third eyelid of 10 adult male camels free of apparent ocular disease were examined to compare the normal anatomical and histological properties of these glands. After dissecting, all of the glands were characterized and measured [length and width] on both the left and right side. In the camels, the superior gland of the third eyelid was oval shaped and irregular in outline. The gland was located within the orbit on the medial aspect of the eyeball in animals that possess a nictitating membrane. Posterior surface of the gland was convex and attached to the nictitating membrane. The anterior surface that is contacted with the bulb of the eye was concave. The mean length of the superior gland of the third eyelid was 28.7 +/- 2.7 mm and 27.2 +/- 2.4 mm in the left and right side, respectively in the anterior-posterior direction. The mean width was 17.4 +/- 0.8 mm and 16.1 +/- 0.9 mm on the left and right side, respectively in the superior-inferior dimension. There was significant difference between the width of the left and right superior gland of the third eyelid. The mean width of the left superior gland was greater than the right [P<0.05]. The histology of the gland revealed secretary units of tubuloacinar and serous with scattered alveolar units. Secretory cells had the typical appearance of serous cells. Tubuloacinar units completely surrounded the hyaline cartilage of the third eyelid. The Masson Trichrome stained connective tissue septae surround the individual acinus and tubules in camel superior gland. Larger sheets of connective tissue with inter and intralobular ducts as well as veins and arteriols were found and separated the gland into lobules

Morphological studies on Meckel's diverticulum in the duck [Ansa ansa domesticus]

This research was carried out to define the morphological features of Meckel's diverticulum [MD] in duck and to investigate whether the MD resides in a constant position along the intestinal tract. For this purpose, a total of 30 adult healthy ducks of both sexes, 50-52 weeks of age were used. After dissecting, some morphological factors such as: total intestine length as well as the lengths of the intestine from the gizzard to MD [GMD], from gizzard to cloaca [GC] and from MD to the caecal opening [MDC] were measured. The weight, thickness and length of MD were then recorded. By using t-test and analysing factors between two sexes we concluded that, the location of MD in total specimens was 91.52 +/- 8.09 cm far away from the gizzard. There was no significant difference between morphological factors of MD [eight, thickness and length] in both sexes [P > 0.05]. There was significant difference [P < 0.05] between GMD, GC in both sexes. In histological studies of MD, aggregated lymphatic follicles and thin muscularis mucosa were observed in tunica mucosa

Morphological and stereotaxic studies of Iranian native goat's brain

This study was conducted to find out the best outside points of skull to reach different areas of brain that are essential for neuroendocrinological studies. In this research 30 heads of Iranian native male goats aged between 2-3-year-old were collected from Shahrekord abattoir. After collecting whole heads, they were fixed in 10% formalin and then many holes were made on the dorsal surface of skull followed by median and transverse sectioning of the heads. Morphological characteristics of brain and distances from the bones of skull to different structures of brain were measured using caliper device and needle and the best points were determined. By this method the best points to reach the hypophysis and lateral ventricle with 90° angle are in distances of 45.2 +/- 2.23 mm and 20.92 +/- 1.02 mm at bregma point