ABSTRACT
Grape seed extract [GSE] [Vitis vinifera L., Vitacease] has been reported to have many biological and pharmacological activities such as antioxidative affects; also it used traditionally to treat constipation, gastritis and etc. On the other hand, it said that used of GSE can reduced sperms. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of decrease and immobilization grape seed hydroalcoholic extract [GSHE] on sperm parameters in adult male rat. In this study eighteen sexually mature male Wistar rats [5 - 6 month old] weighing between 250 - 300 g were used randomly and divided into three groups of 6 rats each. Crushed grape seeds were extracted in ethanol, and the two doses of it [250 and 500 mg/kg] was administered into two experimental groups, so the control group only received 1ml normal saline by gavage for 42 days consecutively. 24h after last dosage, all the animals were anesthetized. Then, their couda epididymis and testes were isolated and they were put into normal saline separately; after that, sperm motility, total sperm and daily sperm production were measured. The results revealed a significant decrease in cauda epididymal, testicular sperm counts and daily sperm production, also percent of sperm-progressive motility in comparison with control group [p
ABSTRACT
Evaluation of the cardiovascular system of canine pediatrics requires awareness of the anatomical and physiological changes occurring from birth to six months of age. The aim of this study was to report electrocardiographic changes in the littermate mongrel dogs from birth to six months. Serial six-lead electrocardiograms were recorded from ten normal littermate mongrel dogs kept on right lateral recumbency, aged between birth and six months. Heart rate significantly decreased until the age of six months, reaching values of 99 +/- 5 beats per min. Age as well as body weight caused a gradual increase in duration of the P wave, P-R and Q-T intervals, S-T segment and also amplitude of the R and T waves. Sinus rhythm was commonplace in dogs under 18-week-old and sinus arrhythmia was found from 16 weeks of age. Sex only influenced the amplitude of the R and Q waves. Males had higher mean values of the R wave amplitude [0.991 +/- 0.050] than females [0.740 +/- 0.039], but females had higher mean values of the Q wave amplitude [0.256 +/- 0.013] than males [0.217 +/- 0.010]. The mean electrical axis [ +/- SD] of QRS waves in this study was 69.61° +/- 21.47°. The possible dependence of the electrocardiographic alterations on age should be taken into consideration in practical veterinary medicine when working with dogs of different ages
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Dogs , Cardiovascular System , HeartABSTRACT
To determine the influence of ketamine onelectrocardiogram parameters of grass carp.Design:Experimental Study.60 grass carp with average weight between 200-300g. For this study 60 grass carp with averageweight between 200-300 g were chosen. Fishes weredivided randomly into 4 group of 15 fishes. A group waschosen as control group and three groups wereanesthetized with bath method by ketamine in differentconcentration [80,100,120 mg/lit]. During anesthesia andat 15 and 30 minutes after recovery, the electrocardiogramof fishes were recorded. After recording theelectrocardiogram of all fishes, the average and standarddeviation of the electrocardiogram parameters [heart rate,PR and St segment, QRS,RR, TP distance] were measured. Data were analized using one wayanalysis of variance with software minitab- 10.5. The average of PR segment in concentrations 100and 120 mg/lit ketamine anesthesia were significantlymore than control group [P<0.05].The heart rate increasedsignificantly in comparison with control group, but TP andRR distance have decreased. These effects also observedduring recovery. No difference in QRS complexes wereobserved in all groups. According to the results of electrocardiogramparameters, anesthesia with ketamine has no marked effecton heart activities of fishes