ABSTRACT
True cholera with typical clinical features nearly always occurs by serologic groups O1 and O139 but the non-O1 group can produce a disease with same clinical characteristic sporadically. According to the important of climate and environmental conditions in the distribution and abundance of Vibrio cholera, in this study, the distribution of the serologic group was evaluated in different parts of Qom city with relation to the affected patients. In this study 5220 environmental specimens were taken from 12 parts of Qom city and during different seasons of the year 1325, 60 clinical specimens were taken from the patients and all were evaluated for Vibrio cholera with standard methods. The study was of Descriptive and cross sectional and the results were analyzed with statistical soft ware [Epi-info]. The most abundance of Nag strains were related to Emamzadeh Ebrahim and Sheikhabad parts and Shahed Street from Khak faraj and Niroogah area and the least abundance were related to Salariyeh area. The abundance distribution of Nag strain, 7 different specimens was most in hogwash, sewerage and vegetables and least in pipe water which reveal a significant difference [P< 0.05] according to statistical goodness of fit test. The frequency distribution of the patients in each part of area 4 with relevance to sex revealed that the most contamination percentage was attributed to Emamzadeh Ebrahim and Sheikhabad and Shahed from Niroogah area and no positive specimen was taken from Haftado-do-tan and Shahrdary areas. According to high occurrence of the disease in same areas, and results from other researchers based on increased frequency of non-O1 strains in the environment during the epidemic, so can release a connection between Vibrio cholera O1 strains and non-O1 strains to conclude. On the other hand, none of the clinical and environmental samples, Vibrio cholera O1 was isolated, so probably human carriers in Qom, not the main factor is the emergence of this disease
Subject(s)
Humans , Cholera/epidemiology , Serologic Tests , Sprains and StrainsABSTRACT
Staph aureus continues to be a major cause of community-acquired and health-care related infection worldwide. The emergence of high levels penicillin resistance Staph followed by the development and spread of strains resistant to the semi synthetic penicillin's has made the therapy of staphylococcal disease a global challenge. At present, vancomycin- intermediate and resistant Staph aureus has been spreading in some hospitals. The purpose of the present study was to determine the distribution of S. aureus at various sites of eye surgery room in pre and post operation and its antibiotic sensitivity at Golpayegani hospital. Common antibiotic against S. aureus used for antibiotic testing. The determination of MIC was performed with the agar dilution method according to the procedure outlined by NCCLS. This study was descriptive and was performed in Golpayegani hospital of Qum during the first semester of 2005. The statistical analysis was done by using T and paired T- Test. The frequency of Staph aureus was lower in preoperative setting during the Spring and Summer seasons. In preoperative sampling, most of the Staph aureus were isolated from broom and floor, while in postoperative sampling, most of the isolates were from broom, floor and anesthetic mask. All of the isolates revealed a totally different antimicrobial susceptibility pattern so that all of the isolates were susceptible to Vancomycin and Methicilin, however, postoperative isolates showed resistance to Carboxycilin, Tetracyclin, Cephazolin and Penicillin. According to the higher frequency of antimicrobial resistant isolates during warm months, probably insufficient disinfectant technique and temperature may play a major role in bacterial resistance. Thus, for effective removal of all bacteria, immediate application of antiseptic agents after surgery is recommended