Study of some tissue encystations with referring to epitheliocysis [chlamydiosis] in the gills of oreochromis niloticus in Egypt

In the present study, attempts are made to detect the parasitic tissue encystations [Haplorichid and Echinotsomatid encysted metacercaria, myxos-porean cysts and non parasitic tissue encystations Epitheliocystis, chlamydial infections of fish, in gills of Oreochromis niloticus fish. The clinical signs of naturally infected freshwater cultured Oreochromis niloticus are recorded. The prevalence of tissue encystations [encysted metacercariae, Myxosporean cysts and Epitheliocystis] was 80%, 46.6% and 69.3%, respectively. The isolated parasites identified as Haplorichid, Echinosto matid encysted metacercariae and 2 types of myxobolous spp. In addition, Epitheliocystis was reported in the present work for the first time from Egyptian freshwater fish. Light microscope detect intracellular granular inclusion of Epitheliocystis, while electron microscopic examination revealed that the pathogen are rod shaped and situates at the center and had an electron dense core with electron lucent vesicles on its sites

Semifield trials to control biomphalaria Alexandrina by different modes of exposure to certain plant and chemical molluscicides

Semi-field trials were carried out in Snail Research Station under simulated natural conditions to evaluate different modes of exposure to Anagallis arvensis and Calendula micrantha as plant molluscicides and bayluscide and copper sulphate as chemical molluscicides. Firstly, B. alexandrina were exposed to the tested molluscicides alone and in addition to two densities of aquatic plants. No apparent effect of aquatic plants on the activity of both plant and chemical molluscicides, this may be due that the two densities of the aquatic plants used were insufficient to interfere with the molluscicides action. Secondly, snails were pre-exposed to three sub-lethal concentrations of the plant molluscicides for 24h then to three concentrations of the chemical molluscicides and vice versa. The results indicate that the pre-exposure increases the snail mortality significantly in all treatments of bayluscide and A. arvensis [except in the highest concentration when the snails firstly exposed to bayluscide then to A. arvensis, where the two compared treatment showed 100%] and in all treatments of bayluscide and C. micrantha. Also, in one treatment of copper sulphate and A. arvensis [in the highest concentration when the snails firstly exposed to A. arvensis then to copper sulphate] and in three treatments of copper sulphate and C. micrantha, [in least and moderate concentrations when snails firstly exposed to C. micrantha then to copper sulphate and in the highest concentration when snails firstly exposed to copper sulphate then to C. micrantha]. Thirdly, snails were exposed to mixtures of six different ratios of hayluscide and each of A. arvensiS and C. micrantha. The results indicated that the snail mortality increased significantly only in the first treatient of bayluscide and A. arvensis mixtures and in treatment number 6 of bayluscide and C. micrantha

Functional and destructive effects of microwave radiation on rat brain

Thite rats were in vivo exposed to microwave [MW] radiation in the cellular phone communication frequency range to investigate whether such exposure produces functional or morphological damage in the brain. Three groups were investigated: Mobile phone [MP] handset group, mobile stations tower [MT] group, and microwave source [MS] group. Subgroups of all exposed rats were taken for recovery studies. ECoG activities and histopathological changes were recorded before, during and after microwave exposure. As compared to control animals, EcoG patterns in exposed animals were found to be distinctly altered in each case of exposure. Some fluctuations had been recorded in shape, frequency, and amplitude of EcoG pattern accompanied with structural changes in some brain tissue elements

Influence of some natural and synthetic substances on certain fresh water organsisms and the snail vectors of Schistosomiasis and Fascioliasis

The effect of plants Anagallis arvensis, Calendula micrantha and Ambrosia maritima and the synthetic chemical molluscicides bayluscide and copper sulphate on survivorship, egg production of the snail vectors of schistosomiasis [Biomphalaria alexandrina] and fascioliasis [Lymnaea natalensis] and on some fresh water organisms were studied. Anagallis arvensis and Calendula micrantha showed good molluscicidal action against B. alexandrina and L. natalensis where LC90 values were 88 and 93 ppm, respectively, for A. arvensis and 135 and 100 ppm, respectively, for Calendula micrantha. The cumulative mortality of B. alexandrina [70%] was considerably high after 4 weeks of continuous exposure to A. arvensis. Complete inhibition of egg production was obtained for B. alexandrina after 2 weeks of exposure to low concentration of C. micrantha, bayluscide and copper sulphate. A. arvensis increased the maximum standing crops of algal biomass of Sirogyra [1.1358 g] and daily specific growth rate [0.0586 g.], while the control was 1.0106 g. and 0.0503 g., respectively. A low toxic effect on Daphnia pula was obtained under the effect of Anagul1is arvensis [5% mortality] and calendula micrantha [25% mortality] compared with synthetic molluscicides suggesting the use of the tested plants as molluscicides

Effect of copper sulphate, certain plants and adjuvants on the snails Biomphalaria alexandrina and Lymnae natalensis and on the zooplankton [Daphnia pulex]

The snails Biomphalaria alexandrina and Lymnaea natalensis were exposed to 1/10 LC50 of copper sulphate or of the plants Anagallis arvensis, Calendula micrantha and Ambrosia maritima. The snails were exposed firstly to copper sulphate then to each of the tested plants and vice-versa. The results showed that the pre-exposure of snails to A. arvensis and C. micrantha plants increased the molluscicidal action of copper sulphate against B. alexandrina and L. natalensis where it caused an additive effect. The pre-exposure to A. maritima caused different effects with copper sulphate, where it showed antagonistic effect on B. alexandrina and additive effect on L. natalensis snails. The pre-exposure of snails to copper sulphate increased the molluscicidal action of the tested plants against B. alexandrina and L. natalensis where it caused synergistic effect in case of Anagallis arvensis and Calendula micrantha against L. natalensis and additive effect in the rest of the treatments. Mixing of copper sulphate with each of the tested plants at different ratios caused antagonism in the molluscicidal activity of copper sulphate against B. alexandrina and L. natalensis snails. The addition of each of the following adjuvants; mono-ethylene glycol mono-oleate, mono-ethylene glycol di-oleate, potassium di-hydrogen phosphate and KZ mineral oil to copper sulphate increased the molluscicidal activity of copper sulphate against B. alexandrina, where it caused synergistic effect. In case of L. natalensis, mono-ethylene glycol mono-oleate and mono-ethylene glycol di-oleate caused an additive effect; while, potassium di-hydrogen phosphate and KZ mineral oil induced antagonistic effect. The result of examination of the toxic effect of copper sulphate in combination with each of the tested adjuvant against Daphnia pulex indicated that the treatment of copper sulphate and mono-ethylene glycol di-oleate increases the molluscicidal activity of copper sulphate and at the same time reduces its toxic effect against non-target organisms [Daphnia] and is the best for application

Pathological and parasitological investigations of eels [anguilla anguilla] naturally infested with anguillicola crassus and pseudergasilus zacconi in Egypt

For the first time in Egypt Anguillicola crassus and Pseudergasilus zacconi were recognized and identified from Anguilla anguilla. The naturally diseased fish showed skin hemorrhages, low body gain and occasionally abdominal swelling. In anguillicolosis, the infected swim bladders showed great thickening of their wall and multiple areas of hemorrhages together with the presence of round worms floating in chocolate like material within their luminae. The prevalence of infection was 30% and the intensity of parasite ranged from 1- 15 worms per fish. Histopathologically, cross sections of adult worms and numerous ensheathed larvae were present inside the lumen of the examined swim bladders. Severe congestion, submucosal hemorrhages and mononuclear cellular infiltration were recorded. Epithelial hyperplasia and desquamation with fibrosis of the swim bladder wall were also detected. In pseudergasilosis, the gill lesions were represented by excess mucous secretion with presence of grayish white elongated nodules firmly attached to the gill filaments. Microscopical examination of the gills revealed presence of parasitic elements in-between destructed gill filaments with diffuse hemorrhages, mononuclear cellular infiltration and fusion of gill lamellae. The morphological description used in identification of recognized parasites is discussed in the text

present status of first trimester threatened abortion scan: a prospective study

Transabdominal ultrasonography was carried out on thirty pregnant patients in the first trimester to evaluate the pregnancy outcome. Twenty out of the thirty patients [group A] were complaining from symptoms and signs of first trimester abortion. The remaining ten patients had normal first trimester pregnancy as controls [group B]. The ultrasonographic evaluation for these patients was based on some characterstic and specific ultrasonographic criteria; namely, a large gestational sac without embryo [blighted ovum or anembryonic pregnancy], absent fetal heart motion and fetal movements, distored gestational sac shape, presence of retrochorionic hemorrhage and low position of the gestational sac in the juxta cervical region of the uterine cavity. The results were evaluated, as regard the reclinical liability of the previous ultrasonographic criteria with the subsequent clinical outcome

Ovarian neoplasms: evaluation of pre-operative and intra-operative diagnostic parameters

The intraoperative work up comprised examination under general anesthesia, confirmation of the site and origin of the tumor, staging of the clinically apparent malignant tumors, cytological study [peritoneal cytology, fine needle aspiration biopsy and cytological imprint] and histopathological examination. The results were recorded and statistically evaluated. Clinical, ultrasonographic, intraoperative, and cytological findings were evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy to differentiate between benign and malignant ovarian neoplasms. Peritoneal cytology [PC], fine needle aspiration biopsy [FNA] and cytological imprint [CI], are good positive tests, but negative results does not exclude ovarian cancer. [CI], [FNA] and [PC] had an accuracy 90.90%, 87.87% and 84.84%, respectively. Clinical, ultrasonic intraoperative and cytological evaluation had specificity 73.91%, 76.19% 84.60% and 92.30% respectively. Specificity is more important than sensitivity in any diagnostic test for ovarian cancer. Certainly, histopathological examination differentiates between benign, borderline malignant and malignant ovarian neoplasms