ABSTRACT
Present paper deals with the efficacy of Triphala churna extracts, extracted by using different processes viz. Chi-Pien Chen, Boiled [aq.], Alcoholic and Cold against five bacterial test organisms i.e. Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Sarcina lutea, Bacillus megatcrium and Bacillus species by seeded agar diffusion method and its microflora during storage period of six months. Strength of the drug in terms of unit strength was also investigated. Positive correlation between concentration and efficacy of the drug was recorded in beginning. Maximum drug efficacy of the drug was found at 100% concentration followed by 75%, 50% and 25% respectively. Behaviour of drug efficacy of different types of extracts could not yield any definite pattern against all bacterial test organisms in relation to drug storage period. Maximum drug efficacy was found at zero day against S. typhi in case of Chi-Pien Chen and boiled extract while this value was recorded at two months storage period for some bacterial test organisms. A gradual declined trend of drug efficacy was noted in alcoholic and cold aqueous extracts with the duration of drug storage for all test organisms. A trend of regular enhancement of microbial flora during storage period was found. Negative correlation between drug efficacy and microbial load of the drug could be established
ABSTRACT
Present paper deals with the study of therapeutical potential of aqueous extract of leaves, seeds and stem bark of certain drug plants like Ocimum sanctum, Piper nigrum and Ficus religiosa against certain bactcrial species i.e., Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis separately in vitro in terms of inhibitory effect. A treatment of combined mixture of all the three extracts at different ratios i.e., 1: 1: 1, 1: 1: 2, 1: 2: 1 and 2: 1: 1 of O. sanctum, P. nigrum and F. religiosa was also done to find out variability of potency in vitro. Results revealed that maximum inhibition zone was recorded against extract of O. sanctum against both bacterial species [E. coli and B. subtilis] followed by P. nigrum and F. religiosa. A trend of enhancement of therapeutic potency [efficacy] was noted with an increase of amount of drug extract [in terms of ml.] and showed positive line of correlation with unit of drug extract and efficacy. The mixture of different ratios of O. sunctum, P. nigrum and F. religiosa showed maximum drug efficacy against both bacterial species at ratio of 1: 2: 1 [where 02 for P. nigrum] and 2: 1: 1 [where 2 for O. sanctum. Minimum drug efficacy was recorded at ratio 1: 1: 1. The treatment of bacterial strains with combined mixture showed better efficacy in both species as compared with separate treatment in general. The compound extract treatments were much encouraging and have given a new direction in the field of herbal therapeutics for the researchers to work in this area
ABSTRACT
Worldwide coliform bacteria are used as indicators of fecal contamination and hence, the possible presence of disease causing organisms. Therefore, it is important to understand the potential and limitations of these indicator organisms before realistically implementing guidelines and regulations to safeguard our water resources and public health. This review addresses the limitations of current faecal indicator microorganisms and proposed significant alternative microbial indicators of water and wastewater quality. The relevant literature brings out four such significant microbial water pollution indicators and the study of these indicators will reveal the total spectrum of water borne pathogens. As E.coli and enterococci indicates the presence of bacterial pathogens, Coliphages indicate the presence of enteric viruses, and Clostridium perfringens, an obligate anaerobe, indicates presence of parasitic protozoan and enteric viruses. Therefore, monitoring a suite of indicator organisms in reclaimed effluent is more likely to be predictive of the presence of certain pathogens in order to protect public health, as no single indicator is most highly predictive of membership in the presence or absence category for pathogens