Comparative study of the cellular immune response of chickens and turkeys vaccinated with fowl cholera vaccine

differences were noted in the serologic and immunologic responses of chicken and turkeys to vaccination by living avirulent CU fowl cholera vaccine administrated by wing web or drinking water routes. Turkeys responded to vaccination by the two routes as they developed good humoral serologic response as revealed by IHA and ELISA tests. Local IgA antibodies were detected in tissue sections of lung and intestine of turkeys vaccinated via drinking water route and the protection was 87.5%, IgA was detected only in lung tissue sections of turkeys vaccinated by wing web route. In case of chicken vaccinated by drinking water route, a weak local and humoral response was noted and the protection was 50%. Meanwhile in chicken vavccinated by the wing web route a good humoral and local response was observed and 87.5% protection was noted in conclusion turkeys responded to vaccination with avirulent. P. multocida CU strain either via drinking water or wing web routes, while chicken respond to vaccination by the wing web route only but not the oral route

Immunosuppressive effect of Babesia bovis immunogens on immunization against foot and mouth disease

The impact of natural infection with Babesia bovis on the immune response to FMD vaccine in calves was studied. Three groups of calves, group [1] were Babesia bovis free and vaccinated with inactivated FMD vaccine, group [2] naturally Babesia bovis infected and vaccinated with inactivated FMD vaccine, while group [3] was kept as non infection non vaccinated control. The humoral immune response of each group was measured by serum neutralization test [SNT] for a period of 16 weeks. Babesia [B.] bovis naturally infected group of calves [gp. 2] showed tendency of lower antibody responses in comparison with uninfected [gp. 1] post vaccination with Foot and Mouth Disease [FMD] vaccine. Parasitaemia of B.bovis infected calves were ranged from 1.5% to 2.5% at time of vaccination accompanied with reduction in packed cell volumes [PCV] up to 23% less than control group. The parasite persisted in the blood of infected calves as carriers with low parasitaernia. Three isolates of B.bovis have been identified. Protein characterization of the three isolates of B.bovis immunogens resulting in immunosuppressive effect was investigated. The isolates identified and propagated in cell culture using microaerophilus stationary phase and characterized by sodium dedocyle sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [SDS-PAGE] and Western immunoblot. The molecular weights of antigens were varied froml2 to 165 Kilo Daltons [KDa]. The isolates showed totally 30 polypeptide antigens. Nineteen antigens were detected as homologous and common between the isolates, their molecular weights were 160, 152, 132, 110, 85, 77, 70, 67, 60, 49, 45, 40, 39, 35, 33, 30, 23, 18 and 12 KDa. While the other 11 antigenic bands were detected as heterologous and differ between the isolates, their molecular weights were 165, 155, 153, 144, 140, 120, 115, 112, 62, 37 and 20 KDa. Isolates no. I, 2 and 3 contained 24, 28 and 24 out of the 30 immunogens respectively. The immune suppressive effect by reduction in serum neutralizing antibody titers of B.bovis infected calves might be due to one or more of B.bovis common antigens

ELISA as a rapid method for detecting the correlation between the field isolates of foot and mouth disease virus and the current used vaccine strain in Egypt

Antigenic relationships between recent six serotype O field isolates of foot and mouth disease virus and the current used vaccine strain O1/3/93 can be rapidly determined using one-way liquidphase blocking sandwich ELISA. The most reliable vaccine strain to control outbreaks caused by field isolates can be rapidly identified using the described relationship "r". All virus isolates shared a closer antigenic relationship to the current used vaccine strain with "r" values ranging between 0.8 and 1. A potent vaccine containing the current used strain O1/3/93 could be the suitable vaccine to protect animals against the existing serotype O field isolates

Western blot in comparison with ELISA for detecting antibodies against foot and mouth disease virus

Western blot technique is described for visual detection of foot and mouth disease virus [FMDV] antibodies in sera of infected, vaccinated and field cattle using FMDV fragments separated by SDS-PAGE and blotting onto nitrocellulose membrane. The interaction between FMDV antibodies and blotting virus fragments revealed dark blue bands, which is considered a positive result by Western blot. All sera of infected, vaccinated bulls and 10 out of 38 field animals had antibody titers ranged from 1.7 to 3.1 by ELISA. All ELISA positive sera demonstrated dark blue bands against the different FMDV fragment by Western blot. The use of Western blot as a rapid specific and sensitive technique for detecting FMDV antibodies was discussed

Comparative investigation of the immune response in swiss mice and guinea pigs to brucella vaccine strain 19

Evaluation of Brucella vaccine strain 19 in Swiss mice as an available and economic model in comparison with guinea pigs was done. The results revealed that a good protective antibodies in the sera of vaccinated guinea pigs and Swiss mice, and the level of antibodies still persisted for prolonged period in both animals

effect of different stabilizers on maintainig viability of lyophilized pasteurella multocida strains

In the present study, different stabilizers were used. Results indicated that the best viability percentage [70.60 and 68.00], mean death time in mice, microscopical examination and colonial morphology were shown in lyophilized strains stabilized by skimmed milk lactalbumin sucrose peptone medium and Angus medium respectively, followed by 59% and 58% viability in strains stabilized by skimmed milk, lactalbumin, sucrose medium and skimmed milk peptone sucrose medium respectively

Trials for preparation of inactivated sheep pox vaccine using binary ethyleneimine

Binary ethyleneimine [BEI] was used to inactivate the local Egyptian strain of sheep pox virus. The inactivation process was applied using final concentrations of BEI at 0.5, 1, 2 and 3% for different incubation periods at 37 dgree C. The virus was completely inactivated after 7 hours incubation with by 2% BEI final concentration; the inactivated virus was adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide gel when incubated for 6 hours in a concentration 1:1. The antibody levels were estimated by virus neutralization test and ELISA. Specific antibodies appeared from the 1[st] week post vaccination and remained until the 4[th] week post challenge. The prepared vaccine was evaluated for safety, sterility and potency. The vaccine proved to be safe, sterile and inducing protection for the vaccinated lambs when challenged by the virulent sheep pox virus up to 6 months post vaccination

Molecular detection of Babesia equi in infected and carrier horses by polymerase chain reaction

Twenty-three blood samples were used in this study; five were from five naturally infected horses with Babesia equi [B. equi], while eighteen were from asymptomatic horses with equine babesiasis from different localities in Egypt. All samples were subjected to microscopic examination, indirect fluorescent antibody test [IFA] and polymerase chain reaction [PCR]. The carrier animals were microscopically detected in 7 out of 18 samples [38.8%] and in 9 of 18 by using IFA [50%], whereas PCR revealed that 14 samples were positive [78%]. Two synthetic oligonucleotide primers, based on the B. equi merozoite antigen gene [EMA-1] were used. A 819 bps DMA fragment is specifically amplified from the gene encoding EMA-1 of B. equi. Our results demonstrate that PCR is a valuable technique for routine detection of B. equi in chronically infected horses, even at low parasitaemia levels