Chlorpyrifos induced modulation in the activities of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes of rats: role of garlic

Chlorpyrifos-ethyl [CPF] is an organophosphate insecticide most commonly used worldwide. Chlorpyrifos was evaluated for its effects on hepatic content of cytochrome bs, P[450], NADPH cytochrome-C reductase, amidopyrine-N-demethylase, aniline 4-hydroxylase activities, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance [TBARS], enzymes concerning liver damage, and the protective effects of garlic in albino rats. Pretreatment of rats with repeated doses of garlic prior to administration of CPF decreased the hepatic content of cytochrome b[5], the activities of NADPH cytochrome-C-reductase, amidopyrine-N-demethylase, aniline-4-hydroxylase and TBARS levels. The activity of glutathione-S-transferase [GST] was significantly inhibited after CPF administration, while, garlic augmented the reduction of GST activity affected by CPF. Liver AST, ALT, ALP and ACP were increased due to CPF administration to rats. Meanwhile, garlic afforded a significant protection against CPF intoxication. It is concluded that repeated doses of garlic may reduce the toxic effects exerted by CPF upon the liver through inhibition of cytochrome P[450] system that activates CPF into its active metabolite. Also, garlic reduces lipid peroxidation and restores the liver damage caused by CPF

Prevalence of cytomegalovirus IGG antibody in blood donors

Transfusion transmitted human cytomegalovirus [TT-HCMV] infections has been documented in a wide variety of clinical circumstances and can be the cause of significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of cytomegalovirus IgG antibody in 80 blood donors [44 professionals and 36 volunteers]. The seroprevalence was 52.5% in all blood donors. The seroprevalence was insignificant as regards the type of blood donormage, residence history of blood transfusion, and history of surgical operation. Prevention of TT-HCMV infection through the manipulation of blood products either by serologic screening or leukocytes reduction is the preferred approach in the HCMV seronegative recipients

Synthesis, spectral characterization and antimicrobial activity of copper [II] complexes with 2,3-dihydroxyquinoxaline and their adducts with some heterocyclic Nitrogen donors

The reaction of 2,3-dihydroxyquinoxaline, H2dhq with Cu [Ac]2-H2O or CuX2-H2o [X = Cl or Br] gave complexes of stoichiometry [[Hdhq [2]Cu] and [[H2dhq]2CuX2], respectively. Mixed-ligand complexes [[Hdhq[2]CuL[2]] [L = pyridine, 3-picoIine, 4-pincoline, imidazole, 1-methylimidazole or 1,2-dimethylimidazole were also prepared. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses as well as by infrared, electronic and ESR spectral studies. The IR data showed that H[2]dhq acted as a monobasic or neutral bidentate ligand bonded to copper[II] via enolate and ketoamide-O atoms in [[H[2]dhq[2]Cu] and via ketoamide-O atoms in [[H2dhq]2CuX2]. The electronic spectra indicated that both [[H2dhq]2CuX2] and [[Hdhq]2CuL2] complexes possessed distorted octahedral structures containing CuO[4]X2 and CuO4N2 chromophores, respectively. On the other hand, [[Hdhq[2]Cu] was associated with a square planar structure having a CuO[4] chromophore. ESR studies revealed that metal-ligand covalency increased upon bonding of nitrogen donors to copper [II]. Study of the antimicrobial activity showed that introduction of axial N-donors significantly increased the efficiency of inhibition