Expression of adhesion molecule CD44V6 in salivary gland tumors

Salivary gland tumors are a morphologically and clinically diverse group of neoplasms which may present significant diagnostic and management challenges. Cell adhesion molecules [CAMs] are glyco-proteins that are present on the external surface of the cell membrane. CD44 is a cell adhesion molecule belonging to systemic IgCAMs family, and is remarkable for its ability to generate alternatively spliced forms, many of which differ in their activities. This remarkable flexibility has led to speculation that CD44, via its changing nature, plays a role in some of the methods that tumor cells use to progress successfully through growth and metastasis. To investigate the expression of CD44v6 in different types of salivary glands tumors and to correlate the results with some established prognostic factors. Sixty cases were studied. 21 were pleomorphic adenomas,, 9 Warthin's tumors, 6 monomorphic adenomas, 9 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, five adenoid cystic carcinomas, in addition to 10 normal controls. Clinical data were obtained from the referring clinical departments. The biopsy specimens were obtained by excision, true cut needle biopsy, or punch biopsy. Cases were selected by reviewing the hematoxylin and eosin [H and E] stained slides. Immunohistochemistry was done using the CD44v6 mouse monoclonal antibody raised against human species. CD44v6 was +ve in 46/60 [76, 7%] of salivary gland tumors studied; 35/40 [87.5%] benign salivary glands tumors and 11/20 [55%] malignant salivary gland tumors and this difference was statistically significant [P < 0.01]. CD44v6 was +ve in 16/21 [76%] of pleomorphic adenoma, in 9/9 [100%] of Warthin's tumors and in 6/6 of monomorphic adenoma. CD44v6 was +ve in 5/ 9 of mucoepidermoid carcinoma; 4/5 [80%] of low and intermediate grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma and in 1/4 [25%] of high grade malignant mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The 4 studied high grade malignant mucoepidermoid carcinoma were lymph node metastasis +ve. CD44V6 was +ve in 4/5 [80%] of adenoid cystic carcinoma. There was a statistically significant decrease in CD44v6 positivity [P < 0.03] in high grade malignant salivary gland tumors compared to low and intermediate grade tumors. There was also a statistically significant decrease in CD44v6 positivity [P < 0.01] in malignant salivary gland tumors received with lymph node metastasis compared with those lymph node metastasis negative cases. 1] Down regulation of CD44v6 plays an important role in malignant transformation of salivary gland tumors. 2] The degree of down-regulation is correlated, with progression towards higher grades and also with lymph node metastasis

Nasolahial flap in reconstruction of oral defects after ablative surgery in patients with oral cancer

This study highlights technical aspects and outcome of different types of nasolabial flap in reconstruction of oral cavity defects, following extirpation of mouth cancer. This is a prospective study, included 14 patients who had been treated surgically for oral cancerous lesions and reconstruction was performed by 16 nasolabial flaps in the period from June 2002 and December 2005 in Sohag University Hospital. Inferiorly based flaps were 10 unilateral and 1 bilateral, and superiorly based flaps were 2 unilateral and 1 bilateral. All flaps were for immediate reconstruction of the defects except in 2 cases. Perioperative complications were recorded. Functional outcome in terms of speech; chewing; swallowing; and cosmetic appearance were evaluated preoperatively and at 6 months postoperative. Patients were 10 men and 4 women and their average age was 63.8 years [45-82 years]. The commonest histology was squamous cell carcinoma [12/14] and presentation was early in stage I [6/14] and II [5/14]. The majority of patients were ASA grade II [5/14] and III [6/14]. Neck lymph nodes dissection with facial artery ligation was done in 8 patients without affecting the outcome. As complications, we noted one case with postoperative wound dehiscence and another case with minimal infection. On the other hand, we, found it technically feasible, versatile, and with satisfactory functional and acceptable cosmetic outcome. The nasolabial flap for replacement of soft tissue in the oral cavity is easy to harvest, with minimal morbidity. It represents a functional and aesthetically satisfactory alternative to reconstruction by other flaps in cases with small and medium sized defects, especially in elderly, medically compromised patients who are therefore of poorer surgical risk

possible cytoprotective effect of vitamin E in aluminium-induced liver damage in rats

The aim of the present work was to assess the possible pro-oxidant effects of Al on rat liver, as well as the possible protective role of exogenous vitamin E. 40 male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups each including ten animals: group I served as a control, group II treated with Al alone, group ill treated with Al and vitamin E, and group IV treated with vitamin E alone. For 4 weeks, Al and vitamin E were given in a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. After 4 weeks, blood samples were collected for estimation of Al, vitamin E, and liver enzymes ALT and AST. Liver tissue homogenates were used for determining ROS and All. After 4 weeks of Al administration, Al levels increased in both plasma and liver. Treatment with Al alone significantly increased plasma levels of liver enzymes AST and ALT. On the other hand, the presence of vitamin E with Al caused a decrease in these elevated plasma liver enzymes yet it did not reach the control value. ROS was increased in liver homogenates from rats treated with Al compared to controls. This effect was attenuated by exogenous vitamin E administration. Oxidative stress clearly played a key role in Al-induced liver pathogenesis .Moreover; vitamin E supplementation alleviated the harmful effects of Al on all the measured parameters and improved liver functions

Outcome of parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism in Sohag university hospital in 5 years: retrospective study

Primary hyperparathyroidism [PHPT] is a common endocrine disease treated very effectively by surgery. It is the commonest cause of hypercalcaemia. The majority of cases are caused by adenoma [80% to 85%], whereas approximately 15% have diffuse hyperplasia of all four parathyroidglands. Rarely [1%], parathyroid carcinoma is the cause of hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid diseases has not been investigated in our community before. This study had been conducted to analyze the outcome of surgical treatment of [PHPT], as regard the success rate, complications and recurrence. Between May 1999 and July 2004, 14 consecutive patients with [PHPT], who had been submitted to surgery in Sohag University Hospital were enrolled in this study. Analysis of clinical presentations, laboratory and imaging studies, surgical approach, intraoperative findings, and outcome assessment m terms of success rate, complications had been done. A total number of 14 patients diagnosed as PHPT, 10 were women and 4 were men. Their age ranged from 25-51 years, with a mean age of 41.2 +/- 6.9 years. Bone affection was the dominant presenting feature [79%]. All cases showed high level of serum calcium [mean 3.13 +/- 0.42 mmol/L] and parathormone hormone [mean 787.4 +/- 256.6 pg/mL]. Accuracy of ultratsound scanning of the neck was 71% in localization of parathyroid lesions, while that of CT and Sestamibi scan were 85% and 87.5% respectively. A single parathyroid adenoma was the commonest lesion [86%]. All patients, but two, had been followed up from 6 months to 18 months with a mean of 11 +/- 4 months. The success rate was achieved in all but one [92.9%], who had been found to be an ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the superior mediastinum. There was one case who died due to the morbid general medical condition. Postoperative temporary hypocalcaemia was observed in two cases. No permanent injury to RLN was reported in our cases. Parathyroid disease is not uncommon problem in our locality. Surgery of PHPT is a very successful operation with minimal morbidity. Early discovery of PHPT gives the best chance of cure and avoid disastrous complications of this disease

Electroreduction of some naphthylazo compounds using polarography and cyclic voltammetry techniques

The polarographic and cyclic voltammetric reduction of alpha-, beta- and 4-sulphonaphthylazochromotropic acid dyes were studied in aqueous B.R. buffer solutions of pH = 2-12. Over the entire pH range, alpha- and beta-naphthylazo compounds were reduced through an irreversible diffusion-controlled 2-electron wave representing the saturation of the N = N center to the hydrazo stage. For 4-sulpho compound an irreversible diffusion-controlled 4-electron wave was obtained corresponding to complete reduction of its azocenter to the amino stage. The voltammograms of alpha-and-beta-naphthylazo compounds in solution of different pH's exhibit a single cathodic peak, whereas 2 cathodic peaks are observed for 4-sulpho compound. The mechanistic pathway of the electrode reaction was suggested and the kinetic parameters were calculated and discussed

Polarographic studies of mixed ligand complexes of cd [II] -malonate-salicylate system

The formation of simple and mixed complexes of Cd[Il] with bidentate ligands like malonale and salisylate has been studied using DC-polarography technique. The results reveal that Cd[ll] forms three simple complexes with malonale anion with stability constants. 1.93, 2.61 and 3.95 and two complexes with salisylate ligand with 0.55 and 1.32. The results also reveal the formation of two stable mixed ligand chelates, [Cd[Mal][Sal] and [Cd[Mal][2] [Sal]][3]. The reduction of simple and mixed species is reversible and diffusion-controlled

Lisuride as an alternative to bromocryptine in treatment of hyperprolactinemic, galactorrheic and non-galactorrheic patients

The results of this study offer a reasonable evidence that dopergin [lisuride] is a valuable altermative to bromocryptine in the suppression of excessive prolactin secretion and management of hyperprolactinemic menstrual cycle and fertility disorders. Sixty-two hyperprolactinemic women including 14 amenorrheic galactorrheic, 30 infertile galactorrheic and 18 infertile but non-galactorrheic took part in a double blind trial to compare the efficiency of dopergin 0.6 mg/day and bromocryptine 7.5 mg/day in suppression of serum prolaction [PRL], breast activity and restoration of the menstrual function. A better clinical response to the action of dopergin on mammary secretory activity has been demonstrated. The incidence of partial or failed response to dopergin was 9.8% for the bromocryptine group. Also restoration of normal menstrual function was reported in 71.4% and 91.68% of patients receiving dopergin compared to an incidence of 64.24% and 85.68% of the bormocryptine group at 12 and 24 weeks respectively. Serum PRL level was not statistically significantly different between groups by the end of therapy. An increased incidence of side effects was reported for the bromocryptine group