Cisatracurium in different doses versus atracurium during general anesthesia for abdominal surgery

Cisatracurium in clinical practice is devoid of histamine-induced cardiovascular effects. On the other hand, 2 ED[95] doses of cisatracurium [100 microg/kg] do not create satisfactory intubating conditions such as those seen with equipotent doses of atracurium. The recommended intubating dose of cisatracurium is 3 ED[95]. To understand this discrepancy better, we evaluated the potency and onset of atracurium and cisatracurium. The study designed as randomized controlled clinical trial to compare between atracurium [2?ED[95]] and different doses of cisatracurium [2?ED[95], 4?ED[95], 6?ED[95]] regarding onset time, duration of action, condition of intubation, hemodynamic effects, and sings of histamine release clinically. Sixty four patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups, the first group [group 1] received 2?ED[95] dose of atracurium, group 2 received 2?ED[95] dose of cisatracurium, group 3 received 4?ED[95] dose of cisatracurium, while group 4 received 6?ED[95] dose of cisatracurium. The Datex relaxograph [Type NMT-100-23-01, S/N: 37541] for neuromuscular monitoring was used. HR, MABP was statistically significant increased post-intubation with administration of 2?ED[95] dose of atracurium in group 1 and the same dose of cisatracurium in group 2 but 5-20 min later was not statistically significant with administration of 4?ED[95] and 6?ED[95] doses of cisatracurium in groups 3 and 4, respectively. Onset time was found to be significantly lower with 2?ED[95] dose of atracurium than with the same dose of cisatracurium. At the same time, higher doses of cisatracurium [4?ED[95] and 6?ED[95]] showed onset time and longer duration of action that was significantly lower than with atracurium and with lower dose of cisatracurium [2?ED[95]]. Only 6?ED[95] dose of cisatracurium showed statistically significant difference versus the atracurium dose with higher percentages of patients with excellent condition of intubation. 4?ED[95] and 6?ED[95] doses of cisatracurium were significantly better than 2?ED[95] dose of cisatracurium. 2?ED[95] dose of atracurium and 2?ED[95] dose of cisatracurium were similar, while 4?ED[95] and 6?ED[95] doses of cisatracurium were significantly better than atracurium and 2?ED[95] dose of cisatracurium. The same dose [2?ED[95] dose] atracurium is more effective neuromuscular blocking agent than cisatracurium, while higher doses of cisatracurium 4?ED[95] and 6?ED[95] provide more effective, more rapid neuromuscular blocking with longer duration of action, stable hemodynamic status, and no associated signs of histamine release clinically

Immunoelectron microscopic study of Fc gamma receptors on the macrophages and fibronectin in murine hepatic schistosomiasis

This study dealt with the in vivo determination and distribution of Fc gamma receptors on macrophage, and the fibronectin expression by macrophage, in liver granuloma, in the acute [8 weeks] and chronic [20 weeks] stages of Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice. The application of electron microscopic immunoperoxidase technique delineated the location and distribution of Fc gamma receptors on macrophage surface membrane in both acute and chronic immunomodulated granuloma. In the acute granuloma, it revealed an increased density of Fc gamma receptors on macrophage surface denoting its activation. Whereas in chronic granuloma the Fc gamma receptors on macrophage were demonstrated to be less dense. This diminished expression can be taken as a monitor of immunomodulation and is attributed to diminished expression of the receptors on the macrophage surface itself and not only to decrease in number of cells. Immunoelectron labelling of tissue fibronectin displayed intracellular deposition in macrophage, endothelial cells and fibroblast cells in the 8 weeks granuloma. It decreased in the immunomodulated granuloma in correlation with Fc gamma receptors. Thus understanding of the complex interactions between Fc gamma receptors, fibronectin and macrophage may be helpful in attempts to manipulate fibrous tissue deposition in granulomatous lesions

Histological and ultrastructural evaluation of the effect of dimethoate on the testicular tissue in albino rats

The present work was carried out on 20 adult male albino rats, their body weight ranged from 220 to 270 g, to shed light on the histological and ultrastructural changes that might occur in the testis after oral administration of dimethoate for 2 months compared with 5 normal control animals. Fresh testicular specimens were taken and subjected to histological and ultrastructural studies. Light microscopic examination revealed shrinkage of some tubules with widening of the interstitial spaces. Spermatogonia were the least cells to be affected. Primary spermatocytes showed variable degree of degenerative changes. Ultrastructurally their cytoplasm revealed dilated endoplasmic reticulum and degenerated mitochondria. Spermatids showed the highest degree of affection. Ultrastructurally, they showed irregular nuclei and kariolysis of the chromatin. The cytoplasm showed myclin like figures. Sertoli cells and interstitial cells of Leydig revealed degenerated mitochondria and dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Histological and ultrastructural evaluation of the effect of dimethoate on islets of Langerhans in albino rats

Dimethoate, the insecticide used in this study, is the commonest of the organophosphate compounds. The present work was carried out on 25 adult male albino rats, body weight ranged from 220 to 270 g, to evaluate the histological and ultrastructural changes that might occur in the islets of Langerhans, after oral administration of dimethoate for two months compared with 5 normal control animals. The blood glucose level of the rats after receiving dimethoate was significantly higher than that of the control group. Cells of islets of Langerhans showed cloudy swelling or even hydropic degeneration. The nuclei of the severely affected cells were shrunken and dense. Some islets showed marked disorganization and reduction of cellular population, especially the B cells. Perivascular mononuclear cellular infiltrations were detected. Using aldehyde fuscin stain the islets showed considerable degree of degranulation, which was more in beta cells. Ultrastructurally, some beta cells revealed dens nuclei with wide perinuclear cisterne. Diminution of the number of beta granules were evident with the appearance of multiple empty vacuoles and dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum. On the other h and, alpha cells revealed mild vacuolation of its cytoplasm. The delta cells showed nearly normal ultrastructural features. Consequently, it is evident from this work that great precautions must be taken to minimize the harmful side effects of the pesticides to the environment, especially to man, farm animals and the agricultural production