Protein analysis and heavy metals accumulation in muscles of wild and farmed nile tilapia [oreochromis niloticus]

The present study aimed to assess the levels of some heavy metals [Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn and Cd] in muscles of wild and farmed Oreochromis niloticus as well as to evaluate the human hazard index associated with fish consumption

In addition, total protein, molecular weights and band counts of sarcoplasmic proteins were investigated with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [SDS-PAGE] method. The obtained results revealed that the accumulation of Cu has the highest value in farmed Oreochromis niloticus compared to wild Oreochromis niloticus while the highest Fe, Pb, Zn and Cd concentrations were recorded in wild Oreochromis niloticus compared to farmed Oreochromis niloticus

The calculated hazard index [HI] indicated that all metals had low HI except Pb and Cd levels in both wild and farmed fish were higher than their permissible limits for fish as a human food

There was no significant [P> 0.05] difference between wild and farmed Oreochromis niloticus in total protein

Wild fish predominant farmed fish in the number of separated proteins

Wild fish muscle protein showed 12 protein bands, while farmed fish muscle proteins showed 11 protein bands. Also, these bands were differed in quantitative parameters. Wild fish had unique bands [MW. 198.13, 97.92, 56.77 and 29.75] while farmed fish had unique bands [MW. 121.62, 79.05 and 26,16]

The current data found that there are differences in electrophoretic pattern and heavy metals accumulation between wild and farmed Oreochromis niloticus

Septic thrombophlebitis of the inferior epigastric vein secondary to femoral venous catheterization for parenteral nutrition

The value of parenteral nutrition when indicated is well known, however its provision is associated with significant and sometimes life threatening complications. While the high flow in central veins may be preferable for administration, the use of peripheral intravenous nutrition has been growing in recent years. We present the case of an infant who had transfermoral long line insertion for administration of parenteral nutrition for management of the short bowel syndrome following massive bowel resection for midgut volvulus. The cannula passed into the inferior epigastric vein rather than the inferior vena cava and septic complications ensued. Prompt surgical management averted the potentially fatal onset of necrotizing fasciitis and the infant survived

Transvaginal cervical sonography: cervical length and funneling of the internal os as markers for predicting preterm delivery in high risk patients

Fifty patients pregnants between 26-36 weeks, with high-risk for preterm delivery, were followed by transvaginal ultrasonography to detect any significant cervical changes [cervical length <25 mm or funneling >25%]. The primary outcome was preterm delivery <37 week's gestation. Of 50 high-risk patients, 17 patients had preterm delivery. Significant cervical changes were detected in 38% of all patients. Cervical length <25 mm was detected in 13 out of 17 patients delivered prematurely and in 6 out of 33 patients delivered at term. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of a short cervix were 68.4%, 87.09%, 76.4% and 81.8%, respectively. Funneling >25% was detected in 10 out of 17 patients delivered prematurely and in 9 out of 33 patients delivered at term. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of funneling were 52.6%, 77.4%, 58.8% and 72.7%, respectively

Transabdominal, transvaginal and transperineal sonography for the diagnosis of placenta praevia

In a prospective study, 100 pregnant women between 29 and 40 weeks' gestation presented with antepartum haemorrhage and diagnosed to have placenta praevia were subjected to transabdominal sonography [TAS], transvaginal sonography [TVS] and transperineal sonography [TPS] to diagnose placenta praevia [PP]. The absence or presence of placenta praevia was confirmed at delivery and was compared with the ultrasonographic results. This study concluded that TPS has the highest diagnostic indices and predictive values for the diagnosis of PP compared with TAS and TVS. TPS is a safe, accurate and rapid technique to complement TAS for the evaluation of patients with third trimester bleeding. It offers patient's acceptance and tolerance without the need for vaginal penetration or manipulation of the cervix, which is very important in such cases

Evaluation of the immune response against Pasteurella multocida

The control of pasteurellosis caused by Pasteurella multocida in rabbits remains a problem despite the vaccine available for influence subsequent rabbit reproduction performance and extent the immunity throughout the largest period. Different inactivated vaccines against pasteurellosis [Heat, Formalinized, Binary ethyleneimine [BEI] irradiated and potassium thiocyanate [KSCN] were prepared. These vaccines were tested by indirect haemagglutination test [IHT] to measure the average titers of antibodies in experimental rabbits. Data revealed that, among the tested inactivated vaccines, irradiated and KSCN gave the highest values of the overall mean of antibodies, as post-vaccination, being 1236.8 as compared to the other inactivated vaccines, followed by BEI and formalized inactivated vaccines [946.5 and 856.8, respectively when tested at 7,15,21,35,45 and 60 days. However, heat inactivated vaccine gave the lowest value, being 688.2 when estimated at the same time. Using bioassay test in rabbits, results revealed that KSCN vaccine gave the highest value, being 100% of protection against virulent strain of Pasteurella multocida. These results were followed by BEI and heat vaccine, being 90% protection, while formalinized vaccine and irradiated vaccine gave 80% protection. It was concluded that potassium thiocyanate extract vaccine is the best vaccine for protection against pasteurellosis in rabbits

Transvaginal sonography for identifying endometrial abnormalities in pre and postmenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding

In a prospective study, eighty pre and postmenopausal patients underwent transvaginal sonography, hysteroscopy and endometrial sampling through D and C. The ultrasonographic findings were evaluated on basis of final diagnosis established by hysteroscopy and histologic examination. In 41 premenopausal women, transvaginal sonography using a cut off point of 5 mm of the single-layer endometrial thickness demonstrated a sensitivity in diagnosing endometrial abnormalities of 85% and a specificity of 62%. The positive likelihood ratio was 0.24. In 39 postmenopausal women using a cut off point of 3 mm; sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 94%, 66%, 2.7% and 0.09, respectively

Threatened preterm labour: can biophysical profile predict its outcome?

Sixty pregnant women between 28-37 weeks with threatened preterm labor were evaluated by the ultrasound to determine the role of biophysical profile in the prediction of outcome of preterm labor. Out of the 60 women, 24 cases delivered prematurely. Out of these 24 women, 20 cases delivered within 48 hours of cessation of fetal breathing movements. For prediction of preterm labor, there was no correlation between the total score of biophysical profile and the rate of preterm labor; while there was a significant correlation between the absence of fetal breathing movements and the occurrence of preterm labor

Blood-gases and acid-base changes during mechanical ventilation in status asthmaticus

Mechanical ventilation together with intensive medical therapy were instituted for the management of 13 patients in status asthmaticus who were admitted to Naser ICU, Main Alexandria University Hospital. On admission, hypoxemia of various degrees was nearly a constant finding that improved with mechanical ventilation. PaCO2 values were increased on admission then decreased significantly by mechanical ventilation. In addition, C[a-V]O2 values showed progressive increase with mechanical ventilation. However, available oxygen values increased only with improvement of COP. The disturbed acid-base parameters, found on admission, were corrected by mechanical ventilation and bicarbonate therapy with consequent improvement of pH, actual bicarbonates and base-excess values. Monitoring of ECG revealed various dysrrhythmic patterns, on admission, that decreased by mechanical ventilation and nearly disappeared after weaning, except PVCS that persisted in one patients who showed its presence from the start. During mechanical ventilation one patient died on first day and 12 improved within 12-60 hours. Four patients were weaned on first day, four on second day and remaining four on third day of mechanical ventilation

Circulatory haemodynamic changes during mechanical ventilation of patients in status asthmatous

Thirteen patients in status asthmaticus were managed by intensive medical treatment together with mechanical ventilation at Naser ICU, Main Alexandria University Hospital. Mechanical ventilation produced various changes in circulatory hemodynamic parameters studied. The measured parameters included HR, MABP, CVP, MPAP, PCWR and CI. Calculated parameters included SVI, SVRI, PVRI, LVSWI and PVSWI. However, all hemodynamic disturbances improved considerably with the relief of airway obstruction during mechanical ventilation. Intensive medical therapy limited the duration of mechanical support to a range of 12-60 hours. During mechanical ventilation, one patient died, while two developed barotrauma and were properly managed. Twelve patients improved and were weaned [four] on first day of mechanical ventilation