Glycoconjugates distribution in the lateral walls of spinal cord during mouse morphogenesis using lectin histochemical method

Background and Objective: Different organizers are involved in spinal cord development and differentiation by sending various messages. Specific glycoconjugates secreted from the cells of lateral wall of spinal cord can also act as neurogenesis and neural differentiation messengers. This study was carried out to determine the distribution of sugar compounds in the lateral walls of spinal cord during mice morphogenesis using lectin histochemistry method

Methods: In this experimental study, sections of BALB/c mice from 10-16 embryonic days were fixed in formalin and then histological sections were prepared. Tissue samples for reaction to the glycoconjugates were incubated with DBA, OFA, GSA1B4 and MPA lectins. Alcian blue with pH equal 2.5 was used for background staining

Results: DBA lectin did not react with the lateral wall of the spinal cord. MPA lectin showed severe reaction but consistent, especially in nerve fibers of the lateral wall of spinal cord. GSA1B4 lectin showed weak reaction in the cells and nerve fibers of the spinal cord, but severe reaction was clearly observed in blood vessels. OFA lectin showed severe reaction with -L-Fucose terminal sugar in the lateral walls of the spinal cord in early stages of morphogenesis

Conclusion: The most reaction in the lateral walls of the spinal cord was related to OFA, which reflects the importance of fucose terminal sugar by connecting [16] to the penultimate sugar N-acetyl-D-glocosamin [Glc-Nac] in the development of spinal cord. Due to severe reaction of GSA1B4 to blood vessels of spinal cord, use of this lectin for vascular studies, is recommended

[ anatomical variation of extensor indicis muscle: a case report]

The extensor indicis is a narrow, elongated skeletal muscle in the deep layer of the dorsal forearm that originates from the one third of the distal posterior surface of the shaft of ulna below the origin of the extensor pollicis longos and interosseous membrane. It runs through the fourth tendon compartment with the extensor digitorum under the extensor retinaculum. The extensor indicis joins to the ulnar side of the extensor digitorum communis opposite the head of the second metacarpal bone. This muscle allows independent extension of the index finger. In a cadaver dissection we observed two extensor indicis muscles with the same origin but two separate belleis and tendons. One of them was attached to the dorsum of the index finger and another one to the tendon of extensor digitorum muscle and to the index finger via extensor expansion

[Distribution of glycoconjugates terminal sugars during neurohypophysis development in rat]

The neurohypophysis originates from the floor of diencephalon. Its development controles by several cellular interactions that mediated by some molecules such as cell surface and extra cellular matrix Glycoconjugates terminal sugars. In this study we used lectin histochemichal technique to evaluate distribution of the Glycoconjugates and their changes during development of neurohypophysis. This experimental study carried on 40 female and 20 male adult Rats. After mating and appointment day zero of pregnancy, pregnant Rats were sacrificed from days 10-20 of gestation and their embryos were collected for histochemical study. The serial section of head specimens were fixed and incubated with different HRP-lectins from Orange fungus [OFA] Vicica villosa [VVA], Glycine max [SBA], Wistaria floribunda [WFA], peanut [PNA], Griffonia simplicfolia [GSA1-B4], Lotus tetragonolobus [LTA] and Ulex Europeus [UEA-1]. OFA, LTA and UEA-1 lectins are specific for terminal sugars alpha -L-Fucose and WFA, SBA, VVA and PNA are specific for D-GalNAc, alpha, beta -D-GalNAc and GalNAc, D-Gal-[beta -1-3]- DGalNAc of complex glycoconjugates respectively. Our findings demonstrated that the reaction of neurohypophysis cells with OFA initiated from gestational GD10 and increased to GD15 [P<0.05] and then increased to GD17 [P<0.05]. A few cells of neurohypophysis reacted with PNA from GD13 to GD16 and decreased afterward [P<0.05]. Some cells of neurohypophysis reacted with SBA from GD14 to GD18 and decreased afterward [P<0.05]. Reacting of many cells of neurohypophysis with WFA started on GD13 and increased to GD15 [P<0.05] and then decreased afterward [P<0.05]. Neurohypophysis cells showed no reaction with the UEA-1, LTA, VVA and GSA1-B4 lectins. The expression of Glycoconjugates with terminal sugars alpha -L-Fucose, alpha, beta -D-GalNAc and D- Gal- [beta -1-3]- D-GalNAc have importanct role and special spatiotemporal situation in neurohypophysis development

[Assessment of glycoconjugates terminal sugars expression during rat skin morphogenesis]

This study was conducted in order to determine distributions and changes of glycoconjugates terminal sugars during skin morphogenesis. Using lectin histochemistry technique, 10% formalin fixed, paraffin embedded rat embryonic sections for days 12, 14, 16 of gestation [1SN30] were incubated with different HRP-lectins from Lotus tetragonolobus [LTA], Maclura pomifera[MPA] and Arachis hypogaea or Peanut [PNA] that are specific for terminal alpha-L Fuc, Gal[beta1->3] GalANC and D-Gal[beta1->3]DGalNAC respectively. On the basis of colonmetery data that was determined by blind's method, sections were graded. SPSS statistic soft ware and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric statistical test were used to compare different embryonic stages. Our results demonstrated that the reaction of ectodermal cells with LTA observed from gestational day 12 [E12] was weak. This reaction increased E14 significantly [p=0.0001] and then decreased. Extracellular matrix [ECM] of mesenchyme did not react with LTA lectin. Ectodermal cells as well as ECM of mesenchyme reacted with PNA on El2 was fairly weak. It increased E14 [p=0.009]. From E14 to E16 intensity staining remain the same in ectodermal cells but decreased in ECM mesenchyme [p=0.0001]. Ectodermal cells and ECM of mesenchyme reacted with the MPA lectins from E12 to E16. According to our result, it is suggested that the distributions and changes of glycoconjugates with terminal sugars L-Fuc [alpha2-4] GlcNAC, Gal [[beta 1->3] GalNAC and D-Gal [brta1->3] DGalNAC be stage - regulated during rat skin morphogenesis

effects of ethanol on the microscopic structure of testis in mice

Background and purpose: Many studies have been conducted on the effects of ethanol on testis; however, little attention has been paid to microscopic changes due to alcohol administration. This study is, therefore, conducted to evaluate the effects of ethanol on the microscopic structure of testis in mice and whether probable changes are restricted to a specific area or the entire testicular tissue is affected

Methods and Materials: For the purposes of the study, forty male Balb/c mice were selected and randomly divided into two equal experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 1mg ethanol intraperitoneal injection per each gram body weight every day; the control group mice were injected, as a placebo, the same amount of normal saline. After one month, one half of the mice and after two months, the other half - in both control and experimental groups - were anesthetized; their testis were immediately removed, washed in normal saline and placed in fixative formalin. After routine histological processing and embedding in paraffin, sections of 10 microm thickness were cut and stained by Hematoxylin-Eosin. Prepared specimens were examined and photographed by light microscopy

Results: Abnormal testicular changes occurred in mice with one-month ethanol injection. Excessive semeniferous tubules destructions were also observed in mice with two-month ethanol injection. But no abnormal changes or destructions were observed in mice of the control group

Conclusion: The injection of ethanol has a progressive destructive effect on semeniferous tubules and germ cells of testis in a way that the longer the duration of the ethanol injections, the stronger the effects of destructive changes will be

Osteoid osteoma of cervical spine in two adjacent vertebrae

Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor, mainly seen in 10-30 years male. Spine is a relatively common site and almost always, posterior elements are involved. Plain X-Ray-, CT scan and Isotope scan help to identify and localize spine lesions. We described one 18 years old boy with 3 years low neck pain. Isotope scan, MRI and CT scan showed two lesions in C7 and T1. Gross inspection and histopathology examination confirmed osteoid osteoma in two adjacent vertebrae which has not been reported elsewhere in the literature

[ study of results of nova bontransplantation in treat meat of bone seases]

Bone grafts [Alograft. Autograft and synthetic bonegraft] are used to rapaire bone defects. According to several technical and medical problems. synthetic bone grafts [B.G] are perefered to others. Nova Bone is an ABG which in more available in Iran, now .So we conducted this study to evaluate it. 62 Patients with bone defects who needs bone graft during 1 year, under went Nova Bone graft. F/U data we analysed, according to graft failure and calcium formation. 6 patients out of 62 had been failed to form calcium after 20 weeks of F/U .[9.7%]. There were no other Complications [infection and noninfectious]. Using SBG [including Nova Bone] has been advocated recently due to several problems including Allografts and Autografts. Favorable results [90.3% calcium formation] in patients with Nova Bone grafts [alone or in combination with auto and Allograft] Propose the regular use of it for patients need bone grafts