Glycoconjugates distribution in the lateral walls of spinal cord during mouse morphogenesis using lectin histochemical method

Background and Objective: Different organizers are involved in spinal cord development and differentiation by sending various messages. Specific glycoconjugates secreted from the cells of lateral wall of spinal cord can also act as neurogenesis and neural differentiation messengers. This study was carried out to determine the distribution of sugar compounds in the lateral walls of spinal cord during mice morphogenesis using lectin histochemistry method

Methods: In this experimental study, sections of BALB/c mice from 10-16 embryonic days were fixed in formalin and then histological sections were prepared. Tissue samples for reaction to the glycoconjugates were incubated with DBA, OFA, GSA1B4 and MPA lectins. Alcian blue with pH equal 2.5 was used for background staining

Results: DBA lectin did not react with the lateral wall of the spinal cord. MPA lectin showed severe reaction but consistent, especially in nerve fibers of the lateral wall of spinal cord. GSA1B4 lectin showed weak reaction in the cells and nerve fibers of the spinal cord, but severe reaction was clearly observed in blood vessels. OFA lectin showed severe reaction with -L-Fucose terminal sugar in the lateral walls of the spinal cord in early stages of morphogenesis

Conclusion: The most reaction in the lateral walls of the spinal cord was related to OFA, which reflects the importance of fucose terminal sugar by connecting [16] to the penultimate sugar N-acetyl-D-glocosamin [Glc-Nac] in the development of spinal cord. Due to severe reaction of GSA1B4 to blood vessels of spinal cord, use of this lectin for vascular studies, is recommended

[ relationship between sleep quality and quality of life in older adults]

Introduction: Assessing the elders' quality of life [QOL] and its affecting factors such as sleep quality, is a useful method for detecting their health and determining the efficacy of delivered health care. This study aimed to evaluate the association between QOL and sleep quality in elderly people

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 370 elderly people in Kashan in 2013. Data was collected using a three part questionnaire including: demographics, the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions [EQ5D] questionnaire and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 16

Results: The QOL was moderate and poor in more than a fifth of the elderly. The highest mean score of the QOL was in the area of self-care, and the lowest mean score of QOL was in the area of pain and discomfort. Moreover, the sleep quality was poor in 27.8% of the elderly. The Spearman correlation coefficient showed a significant reverse correlation between the PSQI scores and QOL scores in elderly people [p= 0.001, r=-0.489]

Conclusion: This study showed the elderly with higher PSQI scores had lower levels of QOL scores. It seems that lower levels of sleep quality can decrease the elders' QOL. Then, training the elderly people on the sleep quality may lead them to a higher level of QOL

[Distribution of glycoconjugates terminal sugars during neurohypophysis development in rat]

The neurohypophysis originates from the floor of diencephalon. Its development controles by several cellular interactions that mediated by some molecules such as cell surface and extra cellular matrix Glycoconjugates terminal sugars. In this study we used lectin histochemichal technique to evaluate distribution of the Glycoconjugates and their changes during development of neurohypophysis. This experimental study carried on 40 female and 20 male adult Rats. After mating and appointment day zero of pregnancy, pregnant Rats were sacrificed from days 10-20 of gestation and their embryos were collected for histochemical study. The serial section of head specimens were fixed and incubated with different HRP-lectins from Orange fungus [OFA] Vicica villosa [VVA], Glycine max [SBA], Wistaria floribunda [WFA], peanut [PNA], Griffonia simplicfolia [GSA1-B4], Lotus tetragonolobus [LTA] and Ulex Europeus [UEA-1]. OFA, LTA and UEA-1 lectins are specific for terminal sugars alpha -L-Fucose and WFA, SBA, VVA and PNA are specific for D-GalNAc, alpha, beta -D-GalNAc and GalNAc, D-Gal-[beta -1-3]- DGalNAc of complex glycoconjugates respectively. Our findings demonstrated that the reaction of neurohypophysis cells with OFA initiated from gestational GD10 and increased to GD15 [P<0.05] and then increased to GD17 [P<0.05]. A few cells of neurohypophysis reacted with PNA from GD13 to GD16 and decreased afterward [P<0.05]. Some cells of neurohypophysis reacted with SBA from GD14 to GD18 and decreased afterward [P<0.05]. Reacting of many cells of neurohypophysis with WFA started on GD13 and increased to GD15 [P<0.05] and then decreased afterward [P<0.05]. Neurohypophysis cells showed no reaction with the UEA-1, LTA, VVA and GSA1-B4 lectins. The expression of Glycoconjugates with terminal sugars alpha -L-Fucose, alpha, beta -D-GalNAc and D- Gal- [beta -1-3]- D-GalNAc have importanct role and special spatiotemporal situation in neurohypophysis development

Identification and localization of certain glycoconjugates during the development of thymus in the mice embryos Balb/C

Glycoconjugates molecules showed a programmed changes during the development. These components in the cell-surface and extracellular matrix plays important roles for different developmental processes. In this study lectin histochemistry technique was used for identification and localization of some glycoconjugates during the development of thymus. Balb/C mice embryos from days 10 to 15 and also day 18 fetuses iixed in formalin and provided 5m serial sections of these samples for histochemical study. Slices were incubated with three types of HRP-conjugated lectins [HRP] include: SBA specified for alpha, [beta-D-N-acetylgalactoseamin [alpha, beta-D-GalNAc], PNA specified for beta-D-Galactose -[l-3]-D-N-acetylgalactoseamin [beta-D-Gal-[l-3]-D-GalNAc], MPA specified for D-Galactose [D- Gal]. SBA lectin was presented with decreasing intensity in the Golgi zone [GZ] and cell surfaces of mesenchymal cells, epithelial cells and T-cells microenvironment in studying days. In first day [12 and 13] T-cells had high reaction with SBA in membranes and GZ. PNA lectin was revealed with several intensity in basal membranes and membranes of mesenchymal cells, epithelial and microenvironment of T-cells in studying days. MPA lectin weakly presented in the endodermal and mesenchymal cells and microenvironment of T-cells in all days. Results indicated that glycoconjugates molecules with terminal carbohydrate of GalNAc might have a role in the development of thymus gland and maturation of the T-cells. Glycoconjugates with terminal disaccharide of Gal/GalNAc probably have significant effect on the total developmental process of thymus gland. Further, Glycoconjugates with terminal carbohydrate of Gal probably had not a key role in the development of thymus gland and T-cells or with low quantity effect

Morphine effects on mouse seminiferous epithelium by lectin histochemistry

Morphine causes disorders in testis and fertilization in animals. On the other hand they have shown important role of glycoconjugates in spermatogenesis. Lectins can detect glycoconjugates with specific terminal sugars. This study was conducted to assess possible effects of morphine on testicular glycoconjugates. One hundred and two BALB/c male mice [2-4 months] were assigned in three groups. One group received morphine, second treated with normal saline and third remained intact. After preparing paraffin blocks from testes, 5 micro m sections were obtained and incubated with different lectins by means of lectin histochemistry. Testicular cells reactions were assessed and graded with light microscope. Then results analyzed by variance test. Statistical test showed that there was a significant difference [p<0.05] in reaction to wheat germ agglutinin [WGA], specific for sialic acid, between experimental and control groups. About other lectins, which were employed for galactose, fucose and galactose- N acetyl galactosamine, there were no significant differences. Changing in reaction to WGA in significant reduction form in morphine treated samples, means sialic acid content reduction. Considering sialic acid importance in spermatogenesis, we can predict that adverse changes in spermatogenesis and reduction in fertilization rate due to sialic acid deficiency was resulted by morphine administration

[ role of glycoconjugates in development of floor plate during early morphogenesis in mouse embryo]

The floor plate is a small group of cells located at the ventral midline of neural tube. During early neurogenesis, the floor plate plays critical role [s] in differentiation of ventral portion of neural tube. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of glycoconjugates in floor plate as well as underlying mesoderm [notochord] and their inductive activities in mouse embryos. Formalin fixed sections embedded in paraffin from 10 to 14 days old Balb/C mouse embryos were processed for histochemical studies by using five deferent horseradish peroxidase [HRP] labelled lectins including; Glycin max [SBA] specific for Gal and GalNac terminal sugar, Vicia Villosa [VVA] and Arachis hypogaea peanut] for GalNac, Ulex europeus [UEA-I] and Lotus tetragonolobus [LTA] for a- L-fucose. Our results showed that SBA sensitive glycoconjugates react and change in floor plate, notochordal cells and surrounding extracellular matrix and these changes were significant [P<0.05]. Extensive differences between GalNac sensitive lectins were observed during motoneuron differentiation. There was no reaction with other tested GalNac lectins. Furthermore we observed significant changes [P<0.05] in fucose glycoconjugates during notochordal development. The results suggest that the timing and distribution of SBA sensitive glycoconjugates may play a key role [s] in interactions and subsequent formation of adjacent tissues such as floor plate and notochord during critical period of morphogenesis. Our finding also showed that glycoconjugates with fucose terminal sugar might play a role [s] in notochordal development but probably have no function on floor plate development