[Effect of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on anxiety and depression hemodialysis patients in Kashan, Iran]

Hemodialysis as a treatment manner in chronic renal failure is a stressful process and has several various psycho-cognitive and social complications. The present study evaluated effect of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on anxiety and depression in hemodialysis patients. This research was a clinical trial study. Samples were young adults who were 18-45 years old. The Participants were divided into two groups [case and control]. The Beck depression and anxiety inventories were used as a measure of psychological symptoms at pretest and posttest and Cognitive-behavioral group therapy as intervention was done at week12. Data Were analyzed with SPSS-16 and t-test, chi square. A p<0.05 was considered significant. In this study, there was not a significant difference in the demographic characteristics between the two groups. Before of intervention, mean Anxiety score of the experimental group was 25.72 +/- 5.87, and in the case group it was 25.22 +/- 7.56 as well as mean Depression score in the two groups was 35.44 +/- 14.97, 33.11 +/- 9.2 respectively. The difference of the two groups in anxiety and depression scores was not significant. After the intervention, the mean anxiety score of experimental group was 15.94 +/- 6.23, and in the case group it was 28.05 +/- 10.04 [p<0.05]. Mean of depression score in the experimental group was 22.27 +/- 13.32, and in the case group it was 33.94 +/- 9.46 [p<0.01]. This research showed that group therapy [cognitive-behavioral] decreased depression and anxiety remarkably in dialysis patients. Therefore, it is suggested that in addition to the prescription of medication, psychological interventions be done for such patients

effect of a single session eccentric resistance exercise on some blood coagulation factors of inactive male students

Coagulation system activation in response to physical activity is already to some extent determined and known, but the effect of eccentric contraction exercise on its activation is not specified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a single session eccentric resistance exercise on some coagulation factors of inactive males. Twelve male students volunteered to participate in this study and were divided randomly to experimental and control groups. Experimental group performed a controlled return movement from elbow flexion exercise as eccentric contraction. Blood sampling was implemented 30 min before, and immediately after exercise test; it was also done 2 and 24 h after the exercise test. Statistical analysis revealed that plasma fibrinogen elevated significantly over 24 h after test [pre: 2.56 +/- 0.23 and 24h post: 2.84 +/- 0.24]. Prothrombin time did not change significantly but significant decrease was found over 24 h after test for activated partial thromboplastin time [pre: 43.05 +/- 3.33 and 24h post: 26.65 +/- 0.61]. Platelet counts and its indices did not change significantly. Eccentric exercise as defined in our research somehow caused a blood coagulation increase and this activation is probably accomplished through intrinsic pathways and not extrinsic ones. It showed a decrease in activated partial thromboplastin time, without any change in prothrombin time. Insignificant changes in plasma fibrinogen, platelet and its morphologic indices could be related to both inclusion of low volume of muscles and eccentric type of contraction