ABSTRACT
Discriminatory practices toward patients with AIDS is an important challenge in the context of ethical care and patient's rights. Experience of discrimination has negative impacts on the psychological well being of patient's and all aspects of AIDS prevention, follow-up care and treatment. The aim of this study was to identify nurse's perspective on discrimination in nursing care of patients with AIDS and its related factors. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of nurses working in internal and infectious wards. The setting was hospitals affiliated with Tehran and Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences .the sample was recruited by census and 165 nurses were selected. Data was collected using self administered questionnaires. The instruments used included: discrimination against AIDS questionnaire, HIV knowledge questionnaire, AIDS Attitude Scale and Risk Perception scale. Data was analyzed by SPSS-PC using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson coefficient correlation. Response rate was 91.6% of all study sample, 54.5% agreed with present moderately discriminatory practices toward these patients. Nurse's perspective on discriminatory practices was significantly associated with their knowledge of AIDS transmission [p=0.005], avoidance attitudes toward people with AIDS [p=0.044], and fear of occupational exposure to AIDS [p=0.003].There was a significant difference between mean score of nurses perspective on discrimination with their sex [p=0.033], ward [0.036], and their educational level [p=0.048]. It seems that patients with AIDS in Tehran hospitals are treated with discrimination. Reducing discriminatory practices toward these patients would be possible by increasing nurse's knowledge about universal precautions, ethical issues and patient's rights
ABSTRACT
Feeling of health is subjective and unique and health criterion varies in different age, cultural and socioeconomic groups. Illness can have a great effect on individual's feeling and definition of health and well being. The aim of this study was to explore the meaning of health concept in the view of diabetic patients. This study was qualitative, semi structured interviews were conducted with 20 diabetic patients who attended to the diabetes clinic of Sanandaj Tohid Hospital. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using conventional content analysis, and codes and themes were derived from participant's responses. Based on the findings of study five major themes about health emerged: intact body and happiness, life without any limits, peace of mind, spirituality and absence of complications. Health definition based on specific conditions of any culture and group that affect health behavioral. Based on emerged themes, health care providers must consider these themes and seek ways to achieve health in diabetic patients and use them in care plans
ABSTRACT
Performing research on [human] volunteers may involve useful or harmful effects. To preserve the volunteers' dignity, numerous world associations have issued declarations such as Nuremberg s, Helsinki s, Belmont s report, etc. One of the four ethical principles in research is respecting volunteers' rights and the most obvious aspect of this respect materializes in obtaining the volunteers informed consent. This informed consent form has been compiled by a Delphi quality study which 15 experts have participated in its designation and compilation. At first, the experts replied the questions posed by the researchers on the frame and contents of the form. Then, the replies were summarized and once again were sent to the experts for a second revision. Eventually, the final form was edited by a Persian language expert. The final result of this research is an informed consent form which includes three main parts: introduction, body and places provided for signatures. Compilers of this form find it a suitable and useful way to obtain volunteers informed consent. This form has been prepared for all researchers in different fields of medical science and the authors welcome any comments, suggestions or criticisms by professors and specialists
Subject(s)
Humans , Informed Consent , Human Experimentation , ResearchABSTRACT
The aim of this qualitative project was to ascertain the adolescents' perspectives regarding health and addiction. 41 adolescents from Tehran [22 males, 19 females] between 11 and 19 years of age were evaluated by way of open and semi-structured interviews. These subjects were selected by sampling based on the project objectives. The interviews with the subjects were tape-recorded, then transcribed, and finally content analyzed. 87% of subjects under the study claimed friendships and connections with cohorts and 15% declared family as the reasons for the prevalence of addiction. Other reasons of the adolescents were being relieved of problems and being carefree, feeling superior and powerful, compensating for social restrictions, unemployment and lack of recreations, oppositional tendencies, and curiosity. Considering adolescents as builders of the future and also pervasiveness of addiction problem, attaining information is indispensable regarding the perspectives of this vulnerable group vis-a-vis the relation between the concept of health with addiction. This can be useful in cultural, health, and social program planning as well as need and priority assessments