[Morphological, agronomical changes and oil content in purslane [Portulaca oleracea L.] under drought stress and biological / chemical fertilizer of nitrogen]

Purslane is a valuable medicinal plant and study of quantity yield and phytochemical changes of them in drought is necessary. Determining the effects of nitrogen chemical and biofertilizers on quantity yield and oil content of purslane herb under drought stress and feasibility of replacing chemical fertilizers with biological fertilizers. This experiment was done in the Research farm of Shahed University in 2012 on the base of split-plot experiment in a randomized complete block design [RCBD] with three replications. The irrigation as main factor in levels of 50 +/- 3 mm, 100 +/- 3 mm and 150 +/- 3 mm of evaporation pan and also application of nitrogen fertilizers as subsidiary factor in levels including control [without fertilizer use], about 250 kg/ha fertilizer of urea, incorporation of about 2.5 L/ha of biological fertilizer with 120 kg/ha of chemical fertilizers nitrogen about 2.5 L/ha and biological fertilizer of nitrogen about 5 L/ha were considered. The treatments of drought and fertilizers had significant effects on plant height, fresh weight of leaf, stem, total fresh weight, dry weight of leaf, stem, total dry weight, grain yield, relative water content [RWC], oil content of grain and oil yield [p

[Evaluation of phytochemical yield of thyme [thymus vulgaris L.] under foliar application of hydroalcohols]

Thyme [Thymus vulgaris L.] is an aromatic and medicinal plant of Lamiaceae family which cultivated in different region of Iran. Evaluation of methanol and ethanol spraying effects on dry matter and phytochemical yield of thyme [Thymus vulgaris L.]. This study was done in a randomized complete block design with three replications and eleven treatments in the research farm of ACECR - Institute of Medicinal Plants in Karaj, Iran. The treatments were: control [without spray], ethanol solutions with 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% [v/v] and methanol solutions with 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% [v/v]. The volatile oil was extracted by hydrodistillation using Clevenger-type apparatus then after it was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results showed that the foliar application of hydro-alcohols treatments had significant effect [p<0.01] on all studied parameters. The highest dry matter yield was obtained at methanol 30% and ethanol 20%. Also, the highest yield of oil, thymol and carvacrol was observed at 20% methanol, 10 and 20% ethanol, respectively. Foliar application of methanol and ethanol increased the yield of dry matter and content of volatile oil, thymol and carvacrol