Electrocardiographic changes in the littermate mongrel dogs from birth to six months of life

Evaluation of the cardiovascular system of canine pediatrics requires awareness of the anatomical and physiological changes occurring from birth to six months of age. The aim of this study was to report electrocardiographic changes in the littermate mongrel dogs from birth to six months. Serial six-lead electrocardiograms were recorded from ten normal littermate mongrel dogs kept on right lateral recumbency, aged between birth and six months. Heart rate significantly decreased until the age of six months, reaching values of 99 +/- 5 beats per min. Age as well as body weight caused a gradual increase in duration of the P wave, P-R and Q-T intervals, S-T segment and also amplitude of the R and T waves. Sinus rhythm was commonplace in dogs under 18-week-old and sinus arrhythmia was found from 16 weeks of age. Sex only influenced the amplitude of the R and Q waves. Males had higher mean values of the R wave amplitude [0.991 +/- 0.050] than females [0.740 +/- 0.039], but females had higher mean values of the Q wave amplitude [0.256 +/- 0.013] than males [0.217 +/- 0.010]. The mean electrical axis [ +/- SD] of QRS waves in this study was 69.61° +/- 21.47°. The possible dependence of the electrocardiographic alterations on age should be taken into consideration in practical veterinary medicine when working with dogs of different ages

Study the effects of oral and intraperitonetoneal inoculation of sarcocystis fusiforms cysts extract on the function of coagulation system in rabbits

Macrocysts of S. fusiformis were teased out from the oesophageal muscles of infected buffaloes and a suspension of cyst extract with protein concentration of 2mg/ml was used as uncooked [UE] and cooked [CE] form. Thirty six healthy male laboratory rabbits were divided into six equal groups randomly. Group I and II were inoculated with UE, group III and IVwere inoculated with CE and group Vand VI were inoculated with PBS orally and intraperitonealy [1 ml/kg] respectively. Blood samples were taken in 0, 3, 6, 24 hrs, 3 and 7 days after inoculation. Coagulation tests including BT, CT, PT, APTT, fibrinogen level and platelet count were measured at the different times which mentioned in all groups. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between different times of all tests in group II compare to other groups [p < 0.05]. The study showed that IP inoculation of UE of S. fusiformis at protein concentration of 2mg/ml is lethal to rabbits about 24 hr after inoculation, and caused significant changes in blood coagulation tests in different times. The results also showed that S.fusiformis extract toxin was thermolabile as it was inactivated at 60 ?Cfor 30 min. In addition oral administration of the cysts extract did not make any changes in both cooked and uncooked form. Thus it seems that orally inoculation of S. fusiformis cysts extract had no toxic effects on coagulation tests mentioned above in rabbits because the toxin is probably susceptible to the gastric enzymes and low pH of the stomach

[ effect of reminiscence therapy on elderly quality of life]

Increasing of life span affects on the life quality and the ability of each individual to live independently with requirement of others supporting and thus, use of adequate programming to encounter the situation in aging seems to be necessary. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effect of reminiscence therapy on elderly life quality. In this interventional study, a total of 64 elderly referred to retirement center in Shahrekord city during 1358 were selected using random sampling and were divided randomly in two groups of case and control groups. Subsequently, each of the two groups were divided into 8-individual groups. Reminiscence meetings and group meetings were run for experimental and control group, respectively for eight sessions [one hour and a half, each]. Quality of life of the individuals before and after the intervention was evaluated using lipid life quality questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and paired t tests. There was no significant difference in educational level, marriage, age, income and life quality dimension between the two groups. Mean of life quality in the case group, pre and post intervention, was 48.26 +/- 1.01 and 62.07 +/- 1.02, respectively [p<0.05]. Also, in this group, mean of post intervention [compared with pre intervention] life quality in the cases of physical activity, depression and anxiety, cognitive activity, social and life satisfaction dimension was increased [p<0/05]. However, pre and post intervention, there was no significant difference in the cases of self care dimension in experimental group and in total life quality dimension in control group. Based on the results, group reminiscence is effective on elderly life quality. Therefore, this technique can be used easily and inexpensively at home or elderly nursing homes

field survey on resistance to albendazole in gasterointestinal nematodes of sheep in Khozestan province of Iran

In this survey, resistance to albendazole was investigated in 15 sheep flocks from different regions of Khozestan province. On each flock, two groups of 15 sheep including control groups [untreated] and Albendazole group [treated with 5 mg/kg of Albendazole] were selected and the investigation was carried out using faecal egg count reduction test[F.E.C.R.T] for 10 days after treatment. Posttreatment faecal culture and necropsy of 4 sheep from control group and 6 sheep from Albendazole group were done to identify species of resistant nematodes. Results of F.E.C.R.T showed that 27% of the flocks were resistant, 53% were suspected to resistancy and the rest were susceptable to albendazole. Faecal culture of necropsied animals showed that resistantce to albendazole was developed in Ostertagia circumcincta and Marshalagia marshali

Normal electrolytes value in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in the Iranian Khuzestan buffaloes

To determine concentrations of certain electrolytes in cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] and serum of Khuzestan native buffaloes, samples of CSF from lumbosacral cistern and blood from jugular vein were obtained from 70 clinically-healthy male [n = 30] and female [n = 40], mature [n = 34] and immature [n = 36] animals. Samples were analyzed for sodium and potassium by flame photometry, magnesium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, calcium by ortocresol phetalein method and phosphorous by phosphomolibdate method using an automated biochemical analyzer. Statistical analyses showed that regardless of age and sex, the mean values of sodium [139.0 +/- 0.70 mmol/1] and magnesium [1.50 +/- 0.24 mmol/1] in CSF were significantly [P<0.001] higher than their mean values in serum; 134.5 +/- 6.3 mmol/1 and 0.72 +/- 0.08 mmol/1, respectively. However, the mean values of potassium [3.47 +/- 0.67 mmol/1], calcium [2.14 +/- 0.25 mmol/1] and phosphorus [1.22 +/- 0.17 mmol/1] in CSF were significantly [P<0.001] lower than their mean values in serum; 5,34 +/- 0.92 mmol/1, 2.33 +/- 0.17 mmol/1 and 1.44 +/- 0.08 mmol/1, respectively. Moreover, in males, females, matures and immature animals, the mean values of sodium and magnesium in CSF were significantly higher than those in the serum and the mean values of potassium, calcium and phosphorus in serum were significantly higher than those in CSF [P<0.01]. Age of animals did not affect any of these electrolytes. The mean value of serum phosphorus in females was significantly higher than that in males [P<0.001]. However, the mean values for potassium, calcium and phosphorus in CSF were significantly higher in males than in females [P<0.05]