ABSTRACT
@#Abstract: To report the diagnosis and treatment of Mucor infection in two cases of renal transplantation, and to provide reference for diagnosis and treatment of Mucor infection. Case 1, a male patient, who underwent allogeneic kidney transplantation due to increased creatinine for more than 8 years. The renal function had partially recovered 25 days after the operation, but then the patient suddenly got worse epigastric pain. Pathogen culture, smear microscopy, mass spectrometry identification and next-generation metagenomic sequencing (mNGS) were performed on the peritoneal drainage, with the result pointing to Rhizopus microsporus. The patient's condition improved after antifungal treatment using amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) and was discharged. Case 2, a male patient with hypertension and increased creatinine for more than 7 years was admitted to the hospital. After allograft kidney transplantation, tissue culture smear and histopathological examination suggested Mucor infection. The patient then underwent a "hand muscle debridement surgery + closed negative pressure drainage (VSD)" procedure, and amphotericin B was given postoperative treatment against Mucor infection and debridement. Subsequent retesting with mNGS showed no signs of Mucor infection. In the course of treatment, two patients developed abdominal pain after treatment with tegacycline, which was immediately diagnosed as pancreatitis and recovered after withdrawal. Both patients being male, with one case associated with hypertension. After initially guiding the diagnosis with traditional smear tests, final confirmation was done using histopathological examination, mNGS and mass spectrometry. One case was infected by Rhizopus microspora, and the other was infected by Rhizopus oryzae and Cunninghamia microbicans. The causes leading to Mucor infection in patients post renal transplantation varied greatly. Early diagnosis is the key to treatment of patients with Mucor infection after renal transplantation. Treatment with amphoteric B and its liposome is an effective means to improve mucormycosis patients after renal transplantation. The use of amphotericin B lipid complex treatment proved to be an effective treatment method for patients with Mucor infection after renal transplantation.